Endocrine System
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| What occurs from spinal segments T1-L2 | Sympathetic preganglionic fibers join at the ventral root of each spinal nerve
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| Effects of the Sympathetic Division: Eye | Dilation of pupil, secretion of tears.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Skin | Increase secretion of sweat glands, growth of hairs.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Adrenal Glands | Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Respiratory System | Increase rate.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Digestive System | Decreases activity.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Skeletal Muscles | Increase in force of contraction and glycogen breakdown.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Adipose Tissue | Lipid breakdown and fatty acid release.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Urinary System | Decrease in urine production, relax in bladder.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Reproductive System | Increase in secretions male and female.
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Eye | Constriction of pupil.
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Skin | not innervated.
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Cardiovascular System | Decreases heart rate.
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Adrenal Glands | Not innervated
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Respiratory System | Decrease in rate
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Digestive System | Increase in activity, glycogen synthesis.
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Skeletal System | Not innervated
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Adipose Tissue | Not innervated
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Urinary System | Increase urine production, tenses bladder.
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| Effects of Parasympathetic Division: Reproductive System | Erection of penis, or clitoris.
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| Effects of Sympathetic Division: Cardiovascular | Increase in heart rate.
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| The effects of neurotransmitters of adrenal medulla are similar to those produced by stimulation of: | Sympathetic Post ganglionic
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| The integrative centers for the autonomic nervous system are located in: | The hypothalmus
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| High thyroid stimulating hormone (THS) concentration in the blood means: | There is low concentration of thyroid hormones
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| Rise in concentration of solutes in the blood or a fall in blood volume will cause a release of: | ADH hormone (antidiuretic)
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| Iodine stimulates the formation of this hormone | Thyroxine (T4)
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| Damage to beta cells results in: | Decreased: Glucose uptake, ATP production, Glycogen production, protein synthesis.
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| Sympathetic nervous system provokes which response: | Fight or Flight
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| The medulla secretes what hormones: | Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Anterior Pituitary gland secretes: | ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH
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| Posterior Pituitary Glad secretes: | ADH and Oxytocin
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| Thyroid secretes: | T3, T4, and CT
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| Parathyroid secretes: | PTH
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| Thymus secretes: | Thymosins
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| Pancreas secretes: | Insulin and Glucagon
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| Adrenal Gland Cortex secretes | Cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and androgens
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| Pineal Gland secretes: | Meletonin
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| Overies secrete: | Estrogen, Progestins, and inhibin
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| Testes secrete: | Androgens (including testosterone) and inhibin
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| What fibers usually release norepinephrine (NE) | Sympathetic postganglionic
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| What division of autonomic nervous system stimulates tissue metabolism: | Sympathetic division
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| What is Dual Innervation | An organ receiving both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
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| What is a preganglionic neuron: | An autonomic motor neuron whose cell body lies in the CNS
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