Tissues
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| tissues | are groups of similar specialized cells that have a common function
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| four types of tissue | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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| epithelial tissue (avascular - no direct blood supply) | covers surfaces and lines hollow organs and tubes in the body; protection, absorption, filtration, and excretion
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| number of layers (epithelial) | simple - 1 layer of cells
stratified - more than 1 layer of cells
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| shape of cells (epithelial) | squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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| squamous | flat or "squashed"
nucleus appears flat in cell
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| cuboidal | cube shape
cells are as tall as they are wide
nucleus is round and in center of cell
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| columnar | column/rectangle shape
cells are taller than they are wide
nucleus is oval
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| not all epithelial tissue fits into this simple classification system | pseudostratified epithelium, transitional epithelium (urinary bladder), glandular epithelium (endocrine sweat, oil gland)
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| stratified squamous epithelium (hollow space) | protects underlying tissues because of its many layers
found in skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina
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| connective tissue (highly vascular, large nerve supply) | most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body
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| functions of connective tissue | enclose and separates other tissues
connects tissues to one another (ligaments and tendons)
protects/support (bone)
storage (adipose tissue and bone)
cushions/insulates (adipose tissue)
transports (blood)
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| areolar connective tissue (loose connective tissue) | liquid substance
found in dermis of skin, mucous membranes, space around organs
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| adipose tissue (loose connective tissue) | stores a small amount of fat
found in deep to dermis, around organs
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| dense regular connective tissue (dense connective tissue) | collagen fibers make this tissue very strong
makes up tendons and ligaments
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| cartilage | cells are called chondrocytes
secrete the gel-like ground substance around themselves
no blood vessels
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| hyaline cartilage | collagen fibers
found at ends of long bones, connects ribs to sternum, end of nose, embryonic skeleton
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| elastic cartilage | come in pairs
maintains its shape after bending
found in external ear and the epiglottis
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| fibrocartilage | strongest of 3
found in: intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, meniscus of the knee
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