Anat-Arteries
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| blood "structure" | liquid connective tissue with liquid matrix between the cells consisting mostly of water with dissolved gases, sugars, amino acids, etc.
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| hemopoiesis | process of the formation of blood cells and matrix
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| hemopoiesis location | tissue found in the marrow cavity of spongy bone
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| spongy bone structure/location | has hollow cavities separated by bone plates; found deep in bone
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| types of tissue in spongy bone | red and yellow bone marrow
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| red bone marrow function | actually produces blood tissue
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| yellow bone marrow | adipose (fatty) tissue formed when red bone marrow degenerates
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| erythrocytes | red blood cells, contain hemoglobin with bound oxygen
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| two types of white blood cells | lymphocytes and neutrophils
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| white blood cell structure/function | visible nucleus, larger than RBC's, immune system function
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| types of arteries | elastic, muscular, arterioles, (capillaries)
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| elastic artery structure | largest, diameter of 1-2cm, has mostly layers of elastic connective tissue and some smooth muscle, branch into muscular arteries
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| muscular artery structure | 1cm-3mm in diameter, have fewer layers of elastic connective tissue and more smooth muscle, branch to form arterioles
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| arterioles structure | less than 3mm in diameter, branch to form capillaries
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| capillaries structure/function | smallest blood vessel (diameter is almost as small as that of a RBC), site of gas exchange between hemoglobin (RBC) and interstitial fluid
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| blood flow through capillaries | blood comes in from arterioles and leaves into the venous system
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| aneurysm | weak point in an artery of wall of the heart that balloons outwards and may rupture (hemorrhage) due to the high pressure that blood is pumped under
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| aorta function | blood vessel from which all arteries are derived either directly or indirectly; supplies the entire body with oxygenated blood
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| aorta parts | ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta, descending abdominal aorta
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| branches of the ascending aorta | coronary arteries
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| coronary arteries function | supply the heart with oxygenated blood (heart is the first organ to receive oxygenated blood)
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| branches of the aortic arch | brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian
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| branches of the brachiocephalic trunk | right common carotid and right subclavian
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| carotid arteries location | go up the left and right sides of the neck
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| subclavian arteries location | go towards the left and right shoulders; posterior to the clavicle
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| aortic arch branches function | supply the head, neck, shoulders, arms, etc
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| branches of the common carotid arteries | internal carotid arteries and external carotid arteries
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| internal carotid arteries location | begin a little bit below the corner of the mandible and go into the skull through the carotid canal (supply the brain)
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| external carotid arteries location | begin a little bit below the corner of the mandible and branch along the external surfaces of the head and face
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| branches of the subclavian arteries | left and right vertebral arteries (axillary and brachial artery)
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| vertebral arteries location | pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae and into the skull through the foramen magnum (supply the brain)
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| three major arteries of the upper arm and shoulder | subclavian, axillary, brachial
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| branching pattern of the upper arm arteries | no real branching pattern-- names refer to a segment of what is really one blood vessel, depending on the region it passes through
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| axillary artery location | within the axillary (armpit) region
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| brachial artery location | within the brachium (arm)
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| branches of the brachial artery | ulnar artery and radial artery (branches after the elbow)
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| branches of the descending abdominal aorta (GI tract) | celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, left and right renal arteries (branches at the top of the pelvic cavity and travels into each lower limb)
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| descending abdominal aorta function | supplies virtually all organs of the abdominal cavity
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| celiac trunk function | carries oxygenated blood to the liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and first part of the small intestine
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| superior mesenteric artery function | sends blood to the rest of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine
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| inferior mesenteric artery function | carries blood to the last half of the large intestine
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| left and right renal arteries function | carry blood to the kidneys
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| branches of the descending abdominal aorta (pelvis and lower limb) | common iliac arteries (one for each limb)
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| branches of the common iliac artery | external and internal iliac arteries
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| branches of the external iliac artery | femoral and popliteal artery
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| branches of the popliteal artery | anterior and posterior tibial arteries
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| internal iliac artery location | goes down into the pelvic cavity
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| branching pattern of the external iliac arteries | all one blood vessel (named for the area it passes) until it splits after the knee into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
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Created by:
Jean-O
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