American Independenc
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| Unalienable Rights | Rights guaranteed to people naturally instead of by the law. Examples in the Declaration of Independence- life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.
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| French and Indian War | 1754-63/ Great Britain and France/both wanted Ohio River Valley on other side of App. Mts./ caused British massive debt/ imposed taxes (tariffs) on colonists to pay for it.
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| Tyranny | Cruel and oppressive government or rule
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| Proclamation of 1763 | Colonists forbidden to settle west of the App.Mts./Britain wanted zone between colonists Native Americans (reduce threat of violence)/ colonists wanted to settle the fertile Ohio River Valley
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| Sugar Act 1764 | Placed a tax on molasses in the colonies.
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| Stamp Act 1765 | tax on printed goods/newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, legal documents, and playing cards/ imposed without colonist’s consent/ colonists begin boycotts of British goods
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| Townshend Act 1767 | Charles Townshend/ taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea
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| “No Taxation without Representation” | Colonists battle cry/ colonists did not have direct representation in Britain's law-making body (Parliament)
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| Militia | Army of citizens who serve as soldiers in times of emergency
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| Minutemen | Volunteers who trained for the militia/ prepared to fight at a minute’s notice
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| Loyalists | Loyal to the Monarch (King)/ against Dec. of Ind.
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| Patriot | Fought for freedom/ favored war
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| Boston Massacre 1770 | March 5th/ British troops (redcoats) and Boston citizens/ Patriots angered British troops/ British killed 5 *The Bloody Massacre Art
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| Tea Act 1773 | permitted the British East India Tea Company to sell tea at a lower price than colonial tea companies/required colonists to purchase tea that was taxed.
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| Civil Disobedience | Refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance because of one's moral conviction or belief. Dec. of Ind.
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| Boston Tea Party 1773 | December 16/ a political protest by the Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act of 1773/ colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into Boston harbor
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| First Continental Congress 1774 | Philadelphia, PA/ organized the colonists
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| Intolerable Acts 1774 | Boston Tea Party made British leaders Intolerant/ British Parliament passed laws to punish MA colony/ closed Boston Harbor/ banned assemblies/ laws so harsh the colonists called them the Intolerable Acts.
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| Quartering Act 1774 | One of the Intolerable Acts/ required colonists to provide shelter and supplies to British troops
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| Common Sense | 1776/ Written by Thomas Paine/persuaded Americans to join the Patriot cause for Independence
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| Battles of Lexington and Concord 1775 | Villages near Boston/ 1st battles of the war/ "The shot heard 'round the world"/ colonists killed/ British forced to retreat at Concord Bridge/ Paul Revere's ride
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| Second Continental Congress 1775 | When and where to attack British/issued paper money/postal system/first Navy formed
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| Declaration of Independence 1776 | July 4 / written by Thomas Jefferson / Second Continental Congress/ Americans declared independence from Great Britain/ Preamble stresses natural rights/ contains 27 grievances (complaints) towards King George III including Quartering Act/
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| Articles of Confederation | 1777-81/ written at Second Continental Congress to establish a gov't plan/ 1st Amer. constitution/ WEAK/ ability to declare war & make treaties/ operate post offices/ document limited power of Congress by giving states final authority over all decisions.
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| Battle of Saratoga 1777 | fall / France sided with colonists/ turning point of war
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| Winter at Valley Forge 1777 | winter/ militias became professional army/ winter was harsh/men suffered from starvation and frostbite.
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| Battle of Yorktown 1781 | October 19, 1781/ surrender of British General Cornwallis/ brought end of war
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| Treaty of Paris 1783 | ended Revolution/ recognized independence from British rule, boundaries extended to Canada in the North, gained land to Mississippi River in the West, and Florida in the South.
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| Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams/gave support while he served in Continental Congress/ "Remember the ladies" - laws don’t apply if no voice
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| Civic Virtue | Standard of moral behavior in relationship to a citizen's responsibility within society. Examples
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| John Adams | Lawyer/ defended British soldiers after Boston Massacre/member of Continental Congress (MA)/ supporter of independence/ displayed civic virtue - court of law should determine justice/ second cousin to Sam Adams
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| Samuel Adams | Patriot who lead the Sons of Liberty/ stirred public support
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| Wentworth Cheswell | African-American/all-night ride/ warn of British invasion/ army/ Battle of Saratoga
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| Paul Revere | Silversmith and engraver/ all-night ride/ “One if by land, two if by sea” - lanterns
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| Mercy Otis Warren | Wife of a MA Patriot, wrote propaganda (to influence) supporting of the Patriot cause/ earliest documents of war
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| James Armistead | Slave in Virginia/ Lafayette recruited him as a colonial spy/ became double agent/ forger and servant at British headquarters/ moved freely/ contributed to the American victory at Yorktown
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| Benjamin Franklin | Dec of Ind committee/ negotiated alliance with King Louis XVI of France to send french troops to colonies
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| Bernardo de Galvez | Spanish nobleman/ protected American ships in New Orleans
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| Crispus Attucks | African-American/ first casualty/ killed in Boston Massacre
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| Haym Salomon | Polish-born Jewish immigrant/ helped finance the Revolution/ arrested by British as a spy
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| Marquis de Lafayette | French aristocrat/ commanding role in both France and American Revolution.
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| George Washington | Soldier in the French and Indian War, delegate 1st commander-in-chief of the Continental (Colonial) Army/ served as President of the Philadelphia Convention/1st President in 1789
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| Benedict Arnold | Traitor to Continental Army/ went against Washington’s troops
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| Patrick Henry | Patriot against taxes/ “Give me liberty or give me death”
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| Women Patriots | Contributions including propaganda pamphlets, Battle of Monmouth, military fundraising, espionage
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| Revolutionary Era Artwork | Portraits very common, popular
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| John Paul Jones | U.S. Navy MVP
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| King George III | Feared loss of one colony would lead to loss of others = cause a decline in English Empire/ ordered blockade of colonial ports/ hired German mercenaries to help fight colonists
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| Ethan Allen | led Green Mountain Boys surprise attack at Fort Ticonderoga
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| Battle of Bunker Hill | British drive the Americans from Breed's Hill
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