Competencies for the Superficial Structures of the Neck
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.1 Discuss the (anterior, posterior, base and apex) boundaries of the posterior triangles of the neck | 6.1 Anteriorly: SCMPosteriorly: TrapeziusBase: ClavicleApex: Where SCM meets Trapezius(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.2 Discuss the Roof boundaries of the posterior triangles of the neck | 6.2 Roof: platysma, investing layer of deep fascia (pierced by external jugular vein and supraclavicular nerves) (Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.3 Discuss the Floor boundaries of the posterior triangles of the neck | 6.3 Floor (superior to inferior): semispinalis capitis, splenus capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, anterior scalene, covered by a portion of prevertebral fascia which constitutes the facial carpet(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 4.Describe clinical manifestations of: lesions involving the mandibular and cervical branches of cranial nerve (CN) VII (facial nerve). | 4. This branch innervates the Risorius muscle, muscles of the lower lip & angle of the mouth. Symptoms: Drooping of corner of the mouth
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 5.1 Explain congenital torticollis (Wryneck/twisted neck) | 5.1 SCM is damaged during difficult childbirth (excessive pulling). This condition can be corrected w/ daily massage & other manual therapy.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 13. Define diaphragma oris. | 13. This thin partition (found underneath the chin) is formed by the two mylohyoid mm and the raphe b/w them. It separates the floor of the mouth from the submental triangle.
(Moore 5th, 1063, Class Notes, Stedmans Dict)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.4 Discuss the Contents of the Submental Triangle of the Neck | 6.4 Submental Lymph Nodes: receives lymph from 1. floor of mouth, 2. tip of tongue, 3. middle of the lip, 4. skin of chin, 5. mandibular incisor teeth & associated gingiva (gums)Small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein(Monica's + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.5 Discuss the boundaries of the Submental Triangle of the Neck | 6.5 Laterally: anterior bellies of digastric mm (nn by CN5)Superiorly: mandibleInferiorly: hyoid boneFloor: mylohyoid muscles unite in a median raphe, forming diaphragma orisRoof: deep fascia(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.6 Discuss the boundaries of the Muscular Triangle of the Neck | 6.6 Medially: midline of neckLaterally:ssuperior belly of omohyoidSuperiorly: hyoid boneInferiorly: jugular notch(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 8.1 Describe the scalenus anticus syndrome. | 8.1 Symptoms resemble those seen in cervical rib; can cause thoracic outlet syndrome; is due to spasm or hypertrophy of anterior scalene muscle; is treated by transaction of anterior scalene at its insertion.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 8.2 Describe a brachial plexus nerve block. | 8.2 Injection site is superior to midpoint of clavicle (depress subclavian artery); is used for anesthetizing upper extremity.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 8.3 Describe a cervical plexus nerve block. | 8.3 Injection site is at nerve point of neck (junction of upper and middle thirds of posterior border of sternocleidomastoid); is used for anesthetizing neck; respiratory and cardiac conditions are contraindicated.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 9. Identify the location of, and name the areas drained by the submental lymph nodes. | 9. In submental triangle; drain lymph from tip of tongue, middle of lower lip, floor of mouth, mandibular incisor teeth and associated gingiva, and skin of chin.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.7 Discuss the contents of the Muscular Triangle of the Neck | 6.7 Contents: Infrahyoid Strap Muscles: 1. sternoHyoid, 2. OmoHyoid, 3. SternoThyroid, 4. ThyroHyoid + Thyroid and ParaThyroid glands(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.8 What nerves innervate the Infrahyoid strap muscles | 6.8 SternoHyoid, OmoHyoid and SternThyroid are all innervated by: Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3 the Anas Cercicalis Waltz) ThyroHyoid: C1 (piggy backs on) via Hypoglossal Nerve (CN 12)(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.9 What action do all of the Infrahyoid Strap muscles perform | 6.9 Action: All depress the Hyoid Bone(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.10 What is the Key Structure of the Infrahyoid Strap Muscles/contents of the Muscular Triangles | 6.10 Omohyoid(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.11 How many Muscular Triangles are there in the Neck & where they located? | 6.11 2. One on either side of the neck.(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.12 How many Submental Triangles are there in the Neck & where are they located? | 6.12 1 it is located in the Suprahyoid Region.(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.13 How many Carotid Triangles are there in the Neck | 6.13 2. One on either side of the neck.(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.14 Discuss the contents of the Carotid Triangles of the Neck | 6.14 Carotid Sheath (a tubular condensation of deep cervical fascia) contains 5 things: 1. common carotid aa 2. internal carotid aa 3. external carotid aa 4. internal jugular vv 5. vagus N. (CN10) Other contents: Accessory N.(CN11), Hypoglossal N.(CN12)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.15 Discuss the boundries of the Carotid Triangles of the Neck | 6.15 Anteriorly (medial): superior belly of omohyoid Posteriorly (laterally): SCM Superiorly: posterior belly of digastric Floor: middle & inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.Roof: platysma, deep fascia(Monica's Supp Notes)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.16 Which nerve innervates the Posterior Belly of Digastric muscle | 6.16 C7 innervates the posterior belly of this muscle(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.17 What artery divides @ the upper border of the Thyroid Cartilage? What does this artery divide into? | 6.17 The Common Carotid Artery. It divides into an Internal & External Carotid Artery(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.18 Discuss the 5 Branches of the External Carotid Artery. Where are they located? | 6.18 1.Occipital 2.Superior Thyroid 3. Lingual 4. Facial 5. Maxillary (1 of the terminal branches) arteries(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.19 Discuss the boundries of the Submandibular (Digastric) Triangles of the Neck | 6.19 Anteriorly: anterior belly of digastric mmPosteriorly: posterior belly of digastric mm, stylohyoid mmSuperiorly: inferior border of the mandible boneFloor: hypoglossus mm, mylohyoid mm(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.20 Discuss the 7 major contents of the Submandibular (Digastric) Triangles of the Neck | 6. 20 1. Submandibular gland & Lymph nodes 2. Submandibular ganglion 3. Lingual nn 4. Mylohyoid nn (mandibular division of CN5)5. Hypoglossal nn (CN12)6. Lingual arteries7. Facial arteries(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.21 What type of ganglion are the Submandibular ganglion? What do they suspend from? | 6. 21 Parasympathetic ganglion that suspend from Lingual nn(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 7.1 Where would you physically see signs of a prominent external jugular vein | 7.1 When venous pressure rises the vine is prominent through its course along the side of the neck(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 7.2 What conditions cause a prominent external jugular vein? | 7.2 SVC obstruction, heart conditions (e.g. congestive cardiac failure is most likely to cause this b/c its a chronic condition)(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.22 # of Submandibular Triangles? Another name? | 6.22 2. One on either side. Digastric.(Monica's Supp Notes + Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 1. Define the anatomical terminologies pertaining to the neck | 1. Obviously if there is an anatomical term throughout the outline that is confusing for you look it up. :)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 2. Define the laryngeal prominence, jugular notch and the clinical significance of the supraclavicular fossa. | 2. Laryngeal prominence is- an enlarged portion of the thyroid cartilage. AKA Adam’s apple.
Jugular notch is- T2 a rounded depression superior to Mandible.
Supraclavicular fossa is- The pressure point for subclavian artery
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 3. Describe clinical manifestations of: lesions involving the mandibular and cervical branches of cranial nerve (CN) VII, the facial nerve. | 3. The cervical innervates the platysma and would cause drooping of the skin around the chin
The mandibular branch serves the risorius muscle. A lesion would cause the sides of the mouth to droop.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 10. Name the artery and the nerve piercing the thyrohyoid membrane. | 10. Superior laryngeal artery and superior laryngeal nerve
(Dr. T's Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 11.1 Describe the carotid sheath | 11.1 A tubular condensation of cervical fascia extending from base of skull to root of neck.
(Dr. T's Lecture)
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| Superficial Neck 11.2 Discuss the contents of the Carotid Sheath | 11.2 Contents: vagus nerve, internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and the beginning of external and internal carotid aa., carotid sinus nerve and deep cervical lymph nodes.
(Dr. T's Lecture)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck To get a better understanding (visual) of the Triangles in the neck refer to: | page 1054 in Moore (5th edition)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 6.23 Are the 5 branches of the external carotid artery contained in the Carotid Triangle | 6.23 Yes, the beginning parts of those five branches
(Dr. Thomas email response to this question)
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 5.2 Explain the other form of Congenital Torticollis: Fibromatosis torticollis (colli) | 5.2 Fibrous (inflammation)tissue develops in SCM while in uterus. This type is NOT treated with manual therapy like the congenital torticollis from a difficult birth is treated.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 5.3 Explain the signs of congenital torticollis (Wryneck/twisted neck)if it is not corrected with manual therapy | 5.3 Fixed rotation & tilting of the head from contracture of SCM
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 5.4 Explain Aquired Torticollis: spasmodic torticollis | 5.4 Develops in Adults due to Tonic (continuous) or Clonic (intermittent) spasms of 1 SCM. At times, the trapezius on the affected side may also develop spasms.
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| Superficial Structures of Neck 5.5 define the terms: tonic and clonic | 5.5 Tonic: continuous spasms of 1 SCM Clonic: intermittent spasms of 1 SCM
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