Joints
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| How can joints be structurally classified? | based on the material that binds the bones together & presence or absence of a joint cavity.
-fibrous joints
-cartilaginous joints
synovial joints
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| The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a ______________. | gomphosis
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| An immovable joint is a(n) _____________. | synarthrosis
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| A synovial joint is an example of a(n) _________________. | diarthrosis
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| A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial inerosseous membrane is a called a ____________________. | syndesmosis
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| A slightly movable joint is a(n) _________________. | amphiarthrosis
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| A suture is an example of a(n) __________________. | synarthrosis
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| Joints in which the bones are closely fitted are (weak or strong) and have (little or much) movement. | strong, little
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| Dense fibrous connective tissue is to a suture as periodontal ligament is to a(n) ______________. | gomphosis
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| There is limited movement between ribs and the sternum. Such joints are classified structurally as ___________________. | sternoclavicular
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| A freely movable joint is a(n) ______________. | diarthrosis
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| A joint where bones fuse together with bone tissue is called a ______________. | synotosis
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| What are the four major types of synarthrotic joints? | fibrous, cartilaginous, bony, fusion
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| Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to _______________. | fibrous cartilage
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| What occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? | friction in the joint increased, the matrix begins to breakdown, normal synovial joint friction is unable to continue
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| What are the functions of synovial fluid? | lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption
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| Where are bursae found? | throughout the body
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| What are the properties of articular cartilage? | hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage
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| The surface of articular cartilage is __________ and _____________. | slick, smooth
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| What are the accessory synovial structures? | cartilage, fat pads, ligaments, tendons, bursae
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| Degenerative changes in the joint can be result of all of _____________________________________________________________. | BUT not bursitis
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| Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. What most likely occurs with this type of accident? | a ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged
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| What are the properties are synovial joints? | gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball-and-socket
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| Use Figure 9-1 (A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint) Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrous cartilage? | meniscus
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| Use Figure 9-1 (A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint) Identify the structure at label "1". | bursa
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| Use Figure 9-1 (A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint) Identify the structure labeled "2". | synovial membrane
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| Use Figure 9-1 (A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint) What type of tissue occurs at structure labeled "3"? | articular cartilage
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| Use Figure 9-1 (A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint) Identify the structure labeled at "5". | intracapsular ligament
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| The knuckle joint is classified as a __________ joint. | conyloid
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| Ankle extension is also called ____________. | plantar flexion
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| Pronation is defined as ____________________. | turning hand so palm is facing downward or posteriorly
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| A movement away from the midline of the body is called ____________. | abduction
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| To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called ____________. | opposition
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| A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, called ___________. | inversion
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| Monaxial joints are known as ___________ joints. | hinge
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| Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones? | gliding
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| Curling into the "fetal position" ____________ the intervertebral joints. | flexes
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| The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the ________________. | foot
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| The elbow joint is an example of a(n) __________ joint. | hinge
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| The intercarpal articulations are _____________ joints. | gliding
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| The joints between vertebrae are examples of __________ joints. | gliding
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| Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes? | plantar flexion
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| Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is ___________. | dorsiflexion
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| What are some examples of hyperextension? | bending neck backwards
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| Nodding your head "yes" is an example of ____________. | flexion & extension
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| Which movements would you associate with chewing food? | elevate
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| Use Figure 9-2 (Bones of the Wrist & Hand) Identify the type of joint at label "1". | radiocarpal
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| Use Figure 9-2 (Bones of the Wrist & Hand) Identify the type of joint at label "2". | midcarpal
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| Use Figure 9-2 (Bones of the Wrist & Hand) Identify the type of joint at label "3". | carpometacarpal
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| Use Figure 9-2 (Bones of the Wrist & Hand) Identify the type of joint at label "4". | metacarpophalangeal
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| Use Figure 9-2 (Bones of the Wrist & Hand) Identify the type of joint at label "5". | distal interphalangeal
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| A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by ____________. | protrusion of the nucleus pulposus
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| A herniated disc occurs when the _______________. | nucleus pulposus protrudes through a compromised annulus fibrosus
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| The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ___________ joint. | shoulder
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| The "rotator cuff" of the shoulder functions to ______________. | reinforce the joint capsule
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| The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the _______________. | fat pads
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| Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because? | the knee contains 7 major ligaments
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| Why do hips generally fracture instead of dislocate? |
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| The most common athletic knee injury produces damage to the ________________. | menisci
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| Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other rissues are called ______________. | bursae
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| ___________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shape of the articular surfaces. | menisci
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| A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position. | dislocation
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| What causes people to be double jointed? | their ligaments are stretched out more
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| A __________ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe. | bunion
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| *SHORT ANSWER QUESTION* How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different? | Osteoarthritis is a "wear and tear" disease seen usually in the elderly. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks synovial joints, triggered by an infection or some other caause.
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