A&P 2
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| Endocrine levels | Stress, infection, blood's fluid, and electrolyte imbalance impact these levels
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| Pituitary hormones | Anterior: ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, PRL, GH, AND MSH
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| Peptide hormones | Posterior pituitary gland: Oxytocin
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| How is thyroid generated | Takes iodine and convers to thyroid hormone. Amino acid and Tyrosine combined make T3 and T4 which control metabolism.
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| Parathyroid gland | 4 of them located behind the thyroid and there is no relation to the thyroid, Controls calcium in our bodies
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| Cushing's disease | Pituitary tumor secreting ATCH, due to cortisol excess in the blood
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| Basic components of blood | Plasma, Red blood cells, White blood cells, and Platelets
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| Different types of WBC | Granulocytes and A Granulocytes. Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes.
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| Clotting factors | Blood changes from liquid to gel, hemostasis occurs, aggregation of platelets and maturation of fibrin.
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| Cascade factors in the blood | Forms clotting, activates protein platelets, secondary hemostasis taking two pathways intrinsic and extrinsic.
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| Pathways | Intrinsic: initiated where Intrinsic and Extrinsic coagulation cascade converges. Extrinsic: initiated at site of injury.
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| Heart chamber's | 4 chambers 2 right receive poor oxygen blood and 2 left pump oxygen rich blood
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| How blood flows | R atrium receives poor blood, pumps it to R ventricle through Tricuspid v, R ventricle pumps poor blood to Lungs, L atrium receives oxygen blood pumps to Left ventricle via Mitral v. L ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the body via Aortic valve.
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| Protein elements | Albumin, RBC, WBC, Platelets, and Plasma.
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| Formed elements | erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By vol., the RBC constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and WBC about 0.7%.
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| General cells, WBC and RBC | WBC: Complete cell, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes (T and B cells make antibodies) RBC: starts in the marrow in 7 days goes to bloodstream, has no nucleus, lasts only days
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| Leucopoiesis | Too much WBC
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| EPO | Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys controls RBC reproduction used to treat anemia
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| Polycythemia | Too much hemoglobin in the blood
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| Anemia | need RBC, B12, Iron
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| Sickle cell anemia | happens in the tropics by the Equator, shaped like the moon, cannot provide proper oxygen to the rest of the body.
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| Malaria | Mosquito born disease by parasite causes flu like symptoms and if not treated coma, even death.
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| Low half life hormones | Duration hormone remains in the blood, Ex. thyroid 1 week,
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