NAU Integumentary System
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Protection, consists of skin, nails, hair, sweat and oil glands. | Integumentary System
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Three Layers of Skin | Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis or Subdermis
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Made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells, is avascular and innovated. | Epidermis
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Many nerve endings for touch. | Innovated
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Separates the epithelial tissue from the connective tissue. | Basement membrane
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Five layers of the epidermis bottom to the top. | Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum
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Basal Cell Layer, deepest layer. | Stratum Basale
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Many layers of spiny shaped cells with centrally located, large, oval nuclei and developing fibers of keratin; cells becoming flattened. Beneath the stratum granulosum. | Stratum Spinosum
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3-4 layers of flattened granular cells that contain shrunken fibers of keratin and shriveled nuclei. Beneath the stratum lucidum. | Stratum Granulosum
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Cells appear clear; nuclei, organelles and cell membranes are no longer visible. Between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum on soles and palms. | Stratum Lucidum
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Many layers of keratinized, dead epithelial cells that are flattened and nonnucleated. Outermost layer. Is waterproof. | Stratum Corneum
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Vascularized, contains nerve endings, reticulum foundational level. When scratched or lacerated will bleed. Contains glands, melanocytes. Tattoo ink is injected at this level. | Dermis
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Secretes melanin, which gives the skin color. | Melanocytes
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Finger like projections that stick up into the epidermis. Connects the epidermis to the dermis. Also creates fingerprints. Contains messiner's corpuscles. | Dermal papilla
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Creates skin pigment, freckles or age spots. | Melanin
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Receptors which are responsible for touch. | Meissner's Corpuscle
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Contains sudoriferous, sebaceous, sweat glands, hair follicles, pacinian corpuscles, arrector pili muscles and collagen fibers | Reticular Layer
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Fibers that loosen over time | Collagen Fibers
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Muscle that controls hair follicle. Provides protection and heat. Causes goosebumps | Arrector Pili Muscle
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Receptors which are responsible for pressure | Pacinian Corpuscle
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Insulating layers, contains adipose and is injection site. | Subcutaneous or Hypodermis Layer
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Skin accessories | Sebaceous glands, Sudoriferous glands, modified sudoriferous glands, hair and nails
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Skin Functions | Protections against infection, protection against dehydration, regulation of body temperature and collection of sensory information.
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Types of Skin Lesions | Surface Lesions, Deep Lesions and Burns
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Types of sudoriferous glands | Eccrine and apocrine glands
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Types of modified sudoriferous glands | Ceruminous, ciliary glands and mammary glands
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Consists of hair | Shaft, root and arrector pili muscle
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Makes up the nail | Nail root, nail bed, nail plate, luna and cuticle
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Types of surface lesions | Macule, papule, vesicle and pustule
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Types of deep lesions | Excoriation, laceration, ulcer and fissure
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Types of burns | First, Second and third degree
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Secretes sebum(oil); keeps skin and nails moisturized | Sebaceous glands
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Sweat glands, secretes odor and sweat | Sudoriferous glands
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Secretes products directly to the skin | Eccrine glands
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Secretes product and the apex of cell via the hair follicle | Apocrine glands
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Secretes earwax | Ceruminous glands
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Small glands along eyelash line and secrete moisture | Ciliary glands
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Modified sweat glands, secretes milk | Mammary glands
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Portion of the hair that sticks above the scalp | Shaft
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Underneath the scalp, hair with bulb | Hair root
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Growth underneath the skin | Nail root
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Overlies the surface of skin, tissue layer under nail plate | Nail bed
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Hard nail surface provides a protective covering | Nail plate
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White, half-moon section of the nail | Luna
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Protects the nail from bacteria | Cuticle
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What determines skin coloring | Genetics, Environmental factors and physiological factors
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Not raised, but a flat colored spot. Example: freckles | Macule
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Firm raised spots on the skin. Example: Warts, moles and skin tags | Papule
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Clear, raised, fluid filled lesion. Example: blisters | Vesicle
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Milky, fluid filled sac on the skin. Example: pimple | Pustule
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Scoring or scratching of the skin | Excoriation
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Deeper tearing of the skin, creates a ragged edge | Laceration
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Sore associated with disintegration or death of a tissue | Ulcer
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Crack or an even split into deep tissue. Example: bad athlete's foot | Fissure
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Number determines the layer | Burns
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Just involving the epidermis. Ex: Sunburn | First degree burns
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Involved the epidermis and the dermis, usually involves blisters | Second degree burns
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Destruction of the entire skin, leading to scarring | Third Degree Burns
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Forms when there is a loss of blood | Scar
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Events of wound healing | 1. Injury-blood escapes from dermal tissue 2. Blood clot forms 3. Clot & tissue dry to form protective scab 4. Blood vessels send out alternative branches to revascularize the area 5. Fibroblasts reform new connective tissue 6. Scab falls off
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