Anatomy
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| The study of anatomy systems that you can see | Gross anatomy
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| The study of anatomy systems that require a microscope to be seen | Microscopic anatomy
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| The study of how your anatomy works together | Physiology
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| The study of tissues | Histology
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| A group of tissues specialized for a particular function | Organ
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| Groups of cells forming various building materials of the body | Tissues
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| A state of dynamic equilibrium in the body with respect to its internal environment and functions | Homeostasis
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| A structure in the body that can change the value of a variable in response to a signal from the control center | Effector
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| The ability to let certain materials in or out while restricting others | Selective permeability
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| The process by which large molecules are taken into the cell | Endocytosis
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| Transportation of material from inside the cell to outside the cell using vesicles: also called secretion | Exocytosis
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| What are the 7 levels of organization in a living organism? | 1. Whole organism 2. Organ systems 3. Organs 4. Tissues 5. Cells 6. Organelles 7. Molecules
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| Suppose you are using a 40x, 100x, 400x, 1000x microscope to study the human body. What levels of organization would you be studying? | Tissues, cells, organelles
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| What are the 4 types of tissue? | Nervous, muscular, connective, epithelial
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| What 2 organ systems are most involved in controlling the negative-feedback systems of the body? | Nervous and endocrine
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| In which phases of mitosis do chromosomes have the X shape that most people associate with chromosomes? | Prophase and metaphase
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| What is the function of a glycoprotein in the plasma membrane? | Markers for cellular recognition
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| What is the function of a receptor protein in the plasma membrane? | Receiving messages from other cells
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| The model of the plasma membrane that we discussed is the fluid mosaic model. What is the “fluid?” To what does “mosaic” refer? | Fluid refers to the phospholipid bilayer. Mosaic refers to the many different kinds of chemicals floating in it.
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| There are essentially 4 basic ways a substance can get through the plasma membrane. What are they? | 1. Diffusion 2. Channel protein, 3. Carrier protein, 4. Endocytosis.
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| For each of the following substances, indicate how they will get through the plasma membrane and into the cell. In this case, consider channel proteins and charged channel proteins to be different, and use the 2 more precise terms for endocytosis. | water - channel protein
a protein - pinocytosis
a Mg2+ ion - charged channel protein
A monosaccharide - carrier protein
An invading bacterium - phagocytosis
A lipid - dissolving through phospholipids
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| If this course taught you only the name of each organ and where it is in the body, would this be an anatomy course or a physiology course? | Anatomy
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| Identify the type of tissue that makes up the following: a.The lining of a blood vessel or your sinuses b.The trapezius muscle c.The cartilage in your joints d.The frontal lobe of the brain | a.Epithelial
b.Muscular
c.Connective
d.Nervous
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| What is the general term for the processes in the environment that threaten homeostasis? | Stress
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| Suppose your heart rate began to increase significantly. If the body initiated a negative-feedback response, would your heart rate go up or down? If the body initiated a positive-feedback response, would your heart rate go up or down? | Down. Up.
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| List the phases of mitosis in order. | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| What property of phospholipids gives the plasma membrane the ability to automatically reassemble? | The polarity and non-polarity of each end of the phospholipids
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| A protein enters a cell. The outside of the cell has a higher concentration of that protein than the inside of the cell. Did the protein enter through active transport or a passive transport process? | Active
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| A glucose molecule enters a cell. The concentration of glucose inside the cell is lower than the concentration of glucose outside the cell. Did the cell use ATP to get the glucose inside? | No
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