Tissues
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| Most organs contain all 4 tissue types, their arrangement determines the ___ | organs structures and capabilities
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| Epethelial tissue: | covers
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| Epithetial tissues are __ and ___ | avascualar and innervated
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| Avascular means | no blood vessels
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| Vascular means | has blood vessels
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| Innervated means | has nerves
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| What are the functions of the epithelial tissue? | protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, excretion, and sensory reception
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| Ability to regenerate, polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connected tissues and avascular but innervated are all characteristics of the ___ tissue | epithelial
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| What are the 2 types of epithelial tissues? | simple & stratified
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| Simple epithelia is: | a single cell layer
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| Stratified epithelia means the cell: | has 2 or more layers
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| Squamous cells are: | flattened
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| Cubodial cells are: | boxlike, same length as width
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| Columnar cells are: | tall & column shaped
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| The nucleus does the same thing as ___ | its tissue
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| Capillaries are | small blood vessels
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| Goblet cells | cells that secrete mucous
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| Simple cubodial function: | secretion & absorption
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| Simple cubodial location: | kidneys
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| Simple columnar location: | lines digestive tract -- from stomach to the rectum
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| Simple columnar function: | absorption, secretion of mucous, enzymes and other substances
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| Simple squamous location: | blood vessels, lungs, lymphatic vessels, lining of heart and ventral body cavity
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| Simple squamous function: | allow material to pass through by diffusion, and filtration
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| Pseudostratified columnar location: | lines trachea, nasal passages
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| Pseudostratified columnar function: | cilia moves things across surface of the cell
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| Transitional epithelium | forms lining of hollow organs
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| Stratified squamous function: | protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
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| Stratified squamous location: | exterior part of skin
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| Stratified cubodial location: | sweat & mammary glands
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| Secretion | product produced by cells used in body
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| Excretion | getting rid of waste
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| Stratified columnar location: | pharynx, male urethra, & lining some glandular ducts
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| All epithelial tissues are supported by ___ tissue | connective
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| Connective tissues are __ and __ | vascular and innervated
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| Connective tissues: | support
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| The most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues are the___ tissue | connective
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| 4 main classes of connective tissues: | connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue and blood
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| Connective tissue proper has 2 subclasses: | Dense connective tissue and loose connective tissue
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| 3 types of loose connective tissue: | areolar, reticular & adipose
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| Areolar tissue: | wraps & functions organs, holds and convey tissue fluid
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| Adipose tissue: | insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs
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| The adipose tissue is under skin in the ___ layer | subcatanenous
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| Adipose tissue is found : | around kidneys, eyeballs and in breast
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| What tissue stores nutrients as fats and defends against infection via macrophages? | areolar
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| 3 types of dense connective tissues: | elastic, dense regular & dense irregular
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| Dense irregular tissue: | provides structural strength - withstands tension
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| Which dense connective tissue is located in the joints, fibrous capsules and dermis of skin? | dense irregular
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| ____ ____ tissue attaches muscles to bones or muscles | dense regular
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| Dense regular tissue is located in: | tendons & ligaments
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| Retcular tissue is located in: | lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and liver
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| Which loose connective tissue forms a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells & macrophges | Reticular
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| Macrophages are ___ | cells that eat bacteria, pathogens, etc
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| Phagocytosis is the actual process of ___ | macrophages
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| Elastic tissue is located | in the walls of large arteries
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| 3 main components of connective tissue: | extracellular matrix, fibers and cells
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| What are the 3 types of fibers that provide support in connective tissue? | collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers
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| short fine fibers are ___ fibers | reticular
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| Chondrocytes | cartilage cells
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| Osteocytes | bone cells
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| Fibroblastasts | dense regular and irregular cells
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| Major functions of connective tissue: | binding and support, insulating, protecting, transporting blood and storing reserve fuel
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| fat cells | store nutrients
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| white blood cells (lymphocytes) | tissue response to injury
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| mast cells | initiate local response against pathogens
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| Muscle tissues produce __ | movement
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| 3 forms of muscle tissues: | skeletal, cardiac and smooth
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| Skeletal and cardiac are both: | striated
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| cardiac and smooth are: | involuntary
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| skeletal muscle is only muscle with ___ movement | voluntary
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| cardiac muscles are found in | walls of the heart
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| skeletal muscles are found in | the skeletal sysem
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| smooth muscles are found in | hollow organs (blood vessels, urinary tract, organs and uterus)
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| smooth muscles have ___ striations | no visible
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| we use the __ muscle to make facial expressions | skeletal
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| which muscle is spindle shaped? | smooth
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| which muscle has 1 nucleus? | cardiac
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| branching cells that fit together tightly at unique junctions are called: | intercalated discs
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| nervous tissue function | regulates and control body functions
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| 3 main components of nervous tissue: | brain, spinal cord and nerves
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| neurons are nerve cells that ___ | generate and conduct nerve impulses
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| neuroglia are the: | supporting cells that support, insulate and protect neurons
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| what responds to stimuli in nervous tissue? | dendrites
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| what transmits electrical impulses in nervous tissue? | axons
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| neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors & effectors which ___, while ___ supports and protect neurons | control their activity , neuroglia
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| 3 types of covering and lining membranes | cutaneous, mucous and serous membrane
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| cutaneous membrane | covers the body surface - skin
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| which membrane is a dry membrane, exposed to air? | cutaneous membrane
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| which membrane lines all body cavities open to the exterior? | mucous membrane
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| mucosa indicates ___ not cell composition | location
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| serous membrane is found in __ | closed ventral body cavity
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| endocrine glands | secretes internally
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| exocrine glands | excrete externally
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| 3 steps in tissue repair: | inflammation, organization and regeneration
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| which step is the blood clot replaced w/ granulation tissue? | organization
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| hephrin causes blood to: | thin
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| histamine causes capillary walls to: | become permeable
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| in inflammation: | inflammatory chemicals are released, blood vessels dilate, blood clots then isolates injuired area
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| what happens when blood clots? | stops loss of blood, holds wounds together
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| in regeneration the scab detaches, then: | fibrous tissue matures and epithelium thickens
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| cartilage is __ | avascular
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| all cartilage is made up of: | chondrocytes
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| cartilage receives nutrients from the membrane surrounding it called the ___ | perichondrium
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| which tissue has a prominent blood supply? | bone
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| function of hyaline cartilage: | supports & reinforces
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| hyaline cartilage is located in the: | nose, ribs, trachea, larnyx and ends of long bones
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| elastic cartilage is located in: | ear and epilottis
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| fibrocartilage is located in: | pubic symphysis, menisci and vertebral discs
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| ___ cartilage maintains shape of structure while flexible | elastic
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| ___ provides us with tensile strength and allows it to absorb compressive shock | fibrocartilage
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| bone tissue is also known as: | osseous tissue
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| bone tissue has more ___ than ___ | collagen, cartilage
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| ___ tissue synthesizrs blood cells | bone
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| blood is made in the ___ | bone marrow
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| platelets are needed for help w/: | blood clotting
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| blood is considered a connective tissue b/c: | it develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells
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| blood is located in the: | blood vessels
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| ___ functions in transporting respiratory gases, nutrients, waste,etc | blood
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| what is the most atypical connective tissue and why? | blood - it does not connect or give things support
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