All the Unit 2 Vocab (Population and Migration) regardless of chapter
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| Brain Drain | show |
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| show | The migration from a location migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another) | moving FROM Ireland to live in Peru
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| Immigration | show |
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| show | individuals who are uprooted within the boundaries of their own country because of conflict or human rights abuse |
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| Chain Migration | the social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow one another to a different city; refers to the mechanism by which foreign nationals are allowed to immigrate by virtue of the ability of previous adult immigrants | show 🗑
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| show | The change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other changes that also produce demographic transitions |
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| Net Migration | show |
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| Place Utility | The desirability and usefulness of a place to an individual or to a groups such as a family. | show 🗑
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| Pull Factor | show |
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| Push Factor | show | religious persecution
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| Refugee | people who are forced to migrate from their home country and caannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion | show 🗑
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| Rust Belt | show |
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| Sun Belt | show | the states of Florida, Georgia, SouthCarolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and California
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| Cyclic Movement | Movement - for example, nomadic migration - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally | show 🗑
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| Forced Migration | show | trail of tears and the Atlantic Slave Trade
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| show | migration flow involving movement across international borders |
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| show | Migration that occurs within a single country's border | individuals in Mississippi migrating to big cities with better opportunities like Los Angeles and New York
If I moved from Florida to California (westward and southward movements in the U.S.)
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| Migratory Movement | show |
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| show | a change in residence intended to be permanent | Geese fly south for the winter
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| International Migration | show | illegal immigrants
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| Interregional Migration | Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. Ex. Moving from the south to the west coast | show 🗑
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| Step Migration | migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city | show 🗑
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| Voluntary Migration | Permanent movement undertaken by choice. Ex. Jobs | show 🗑
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| Laws of Migration | Created by Ernst Ravenstein (British demographer) to predict the flow of migrants Ex- 1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter migration 2. The majority of migrants move a short distance 3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations 4. Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas 5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults | show 🗑
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| Agricultural Density | : MOVE CARD FROM UNIT 1 | show 🗑
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| Arithmetic Density | : MOVE CARD FROM UNIT 1 | show 🗑
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| Physiological Density: | show |
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| Crude Birth Rate | show | Crude birth rate- in 2015 it was 12.4 in the US
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| Crude Death Rate: | show | Crude death rate- in 2016 it was 8.4 in the US
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| Generation X: | the generation born after that of the baby boomers (roughly from the early 1960s to late 1970s), often perceived to be disaffected and directionless; A term coined by artist and author Douglas Coupland to describe people born in the United States between the years 1965 and 1980. This post-baby-boom generation will have to support the baby boom cohort as they head into their retirement years. | show 🗑
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| show | Small country subdivisions, usually containing between 2,500 and 8,000 persons, delineated by the US Census Bureau as areas of relatively uniform population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. |
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| Demographic Equation | show |
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| show | also known as demography. Broadly defined, it is the study of the characteristics of populations. It provides a mathematical description of how those characteristics change over time. |
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| Momentum: | is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model. | show 🗑
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| Demographic regions: | Regions grouped together by the stage of the demographic transition model that most countries in the region are in. Ex. Cape Verde (Africa) is in Stage 2 (High Growth), Chile (Latin America) is in Stage 3 (Moderate Growth), and Denmark (Europe) is in Stage 4 (Low Growth). | show 🗑
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| Demography | the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. | show 🗑
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| Diffusion of Fertility Control | The diffusion of fertility control is spread throughout the world. Ex. In the U.S it's below 2.1 in much of Africa it is above 4, if South America is between 2 and 3, in Europe it is below 2.1, in China and Russia it is below 2.1, and in much of the Middle East it is above 4. | show 🗑
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| Food Security | show | EBT an dSNAP
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| show | how many people are born in a certain time period |
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| Genocide | the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. | show 🗑
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| show | Act in China that allows people to have only 1 child in the city and 2 children(if the first child is a girl or ethnic minority) in the countryside created in 1980; implemented as a way to control its explosive growth rate; families punished financially and with held from educational opportunities for violations |
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| Doubling Time | the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. | show 🗑
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| show | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
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| show | Area of the Earth's surface that humans consider too harsh for occupancy (approx. 35-40%). |
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| Gendered Space | areas or regions designed for men or women Ex. Men/Women's restrooms | show 🗑
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| Megalopolis | show | New York City and it’s surrounding areas is a megalopolis.
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| show | an adaptation that is less helpful than harmful; It can also signify an adaptation that, whilst reasonable at the time, has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on. |
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| show | the number of deaths in a given area or period, or from a particular cause. |
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| Natality | the ratio of the number of births to the size of the population; birth rate. | show 🗑
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| Population Density | a measurement of the number of persons per unit of land area | show 🗑
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| Population Distribution | the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. These are usually places with hostile environments e.g. Antarctica. Places which are densely populated are habitable environments e.g. Europe. | show 🗑
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| Population Projection | a statement of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data Ex. The world population could exceed 9 Billion by the end of the century. | show 🗑
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| show | A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population. |
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| Rate of Natural Increase | show |
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| show | the amount of fertility needed to keep the population the same from generation to generation. It refers to the total fertility rate that will result in a stable population without it increasing or decreasing. |
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| S-curve | A curve that depicts logistic growth | show 🗑
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| J-curve | show |
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| show | The number of children who would be born per woman (or per 1,000 women) if she/they were to pass through the childbearing years bearing children according to a current schedule of age-specific fertility rates. |
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| show | avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance. |
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| show | circumstances of too few people to sufficiently develop the resources of a country or region to improve the level of living of its inhabitants. |
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| Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. Ex. A city that can't produce as much food as there are people. | show 🗑
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| show | when the birth rate equals the death rate |
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| Neolithic Revolution | show |
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| Agricultural Revolution | was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. In this lesson, learn the timeline, causes, effects and major inventions that spurred this shift in production | show 🗑
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| Industrial Revolution | show | James Watts steam engine that could pump water far more efficiently than water mills
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| Medical Revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives. | show 🗑
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| Boserup Thesis | the view that pop. growth independently forces a conversion from extensive to intensive subsistence agriculture | show 🗑
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| Neo-Malthusianism | Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations. | show 🗑
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| Demographic Transition Model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. Stage 1 is low growth (low stationary), Stage 2 is High Growth (early expanding), Stage 3 is Moderate Growth (late expanding), and Stage 4 is Low Growth (low stationary), and Stage 5 although not officially a stage is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population growth. | show 🗑
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| Epidemiological Model | show |
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| Expansive Population Policies | show | Russia and cars
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| Restrictive Population Policies | show |
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| show | occurs when a disease is transmitted to a new location. It implies that a disease spreads, or pours out, from a central source. The idea of showing the spread of disease using a diffusion pattern is relatively modern, compared to earlier methods of mapping disease, which are still used today. |
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| show | the number of deaths in the first year of life for every 1,000 live births | in 2018 Afghanistan the infant mortality rate was 57 compared to...
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| show | the quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier | income, safety, climate
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| Chronic or Degenerative Diseases | show | Parkinson’s disease is an example of a chronic/ degenerative disease.
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| Genetic or inherited Diseases | show |
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| Endemic AIDS | a disease that is particular to a locality or region; this disease is the leading cause of death in many African nations and has spread to every continent, shortening life expectancies world wide | show 🗑
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| show | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Most are diffused directly or indirectly from human to human | Cholera and Ebola are both infectious diseases that diffuse directly from human to human.
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| show | is a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population. It a graphic profile of the population’s residents. Sex is shown on the left/right sides, age on the y-axis, and the percentage of population on the x-axis. Each grouping (ex: males aged 0-4) is called a cohort; does not tell you the actual population in numbers. Rather, it displays percentages and shows what portion of people fall into each cohort. |
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| show | the proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given population. ... A population with persistently high fertility, for instance, has a large proportion of children and a small proportion of aged persons. | in Spain the age distribution is that there are more adults and older people than children.
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| Cohort | a category of people with something in common, usually their age Ex. College towns with college students | show 🗑
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| show | the proportion of males to females in a population |
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| show | largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
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| show | is a measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64 |
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| Baby Boom | a cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility | show 🗑
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| Baby Bust | Period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the United States dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs, causing them to marry later in life. As such, the fertility rate dropped considerably, in contrast the the baby boom in which fertility rates were quite high | show 🗑
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| show | Author of Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) who claimed that population grows as an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that eventually population growth would outpace food production |
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| Karl Marx | show |
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| Ester Boserup | show |
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| nomadism | lifestyle adapted to infertile regions such as steppe, tundra, or ice and sand, where mobility is the most efficient strategy for exploiting scarce resources. | show 🗑
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| personal space | the physical space immediately surrounding someone, into which any encroachment feels threatening to or uncomfortable for them. | show 🗑
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| show | demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas. It first took place as a reaction to inner-city deprivation and overcrowding. | in the 1970s crime in the city caused people to want to flee the city completely to urban areas
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| show | a person with temporary permission to work in another country. | an immigrant in the US with a visa to temporarily earn money for their family before have to return home
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| kinship links | types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success | show 🗑
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| show | movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another | immigrants migrating to the US for better opportunities without the thought of returning home
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| transhumance | show | how livestock is moved between one area of pasture to another
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| colonization | the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area. | show 🗑
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| islands of development | Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure. | show 🗑
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| show | the set of all points that can be reached by an individual given a maximum possible speed from a starting point in space-time and an ending point in space-time. | If you walk to school side of the prism are steep and space available for activity is narrow. If you have a car,it takes less time to get places, and the range of possibilities expand
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| repatriations | the return of someone to their own country. | show 🗑
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| periodic movement | motion that recurs over and over and the period of time required for each recurrence remains the same | show 🗑
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| quota | show | OPEC set a quota for crude oil in order to maintain the price:
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| show | An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. | when you are on a road trip but a car accident holds you up one hour or makes you go around; As the Hernandez family makes their way to the US, they find themselves in Mexico City with a good job and economic status and, thus, decide to stay.
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| show | the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. | May 2018 people go to America and out of 300 about 150 seek asylum
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