Palmer Gross 1 exam
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| Used to describe the type of increase in the size of a muscle due to an increase in the size of each individual muscle fiber | Hypertrophy
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| These muscles are suited for relatively higher levels of continuous metabolic activity and are associated with aerobic metabolism. | Type one fibers dark
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| They are found in places where you want quicker and more powerful contractions and are thus related to strength and speed. (sprinting, weight lifting) | type two fibers light
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| These muscles have a greater capacity for anaerobic metabolism. | type two fibers light
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| These are fibers found in places where long, sustained or continued contractions are required (posture that teaming muscles, ocular, respiratory and masticatory muscles.) | type one fibers (dark)
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| The undifferentiated cytoplasm between the myofibrils and the other organelles of the muscle fibers | sarcoplasm
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| An increase in the size of a muscle due to an actual increase in the number of muscle fiber. | Hyperplasia
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| Used to describe the type of increase in the size of a muscle due to an increase in the size of each individual muscle fiber | Hypertrophy
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| The contractile units of the muscle | myofibrils
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| This is extremely long and multinucleate, with nuclei arranged around the periphery of the cell | muscle fiber
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| This dense the regular connective tissue ______ will continue as the _______ of the muscle | Epimysium, tendon
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| The dense irregular connective layer which surrounds the entire skeletal muscle and separates the muscle from surrounding tissue, organs and other muscles and is continuous with the deep fascia in the area. | Epimysium
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| A more dense layer which surrounds each fasciculi and divides the muscle into a series of separate compartments | Perimysium
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| The delicate sheath which surrounds each individual muscle fiber and binds it to the adjacent muscle fiber. | Endomysium
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| Functions of C.T.'s investment of muscle | Connect muscle to bone or other structures.
Provide a route through which nerves and blood vessels reach muscle fibers.
Provide a non-contractile framework which allow the contraction of a muscle fiber to be transmitted to bone.
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| Fasciculi are grouped together to form | Muscle
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| Muscle fibers are grouped into bundles known as | Fasciculi
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| Skeletal muscle are composed of cells which are known as | Muscle Fibers
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| Muscle produces 85% of our body heat | Heat production
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| 1)Sphincter muscles around eyelids, pupils, and mouth control the admission of light, food, and drink 2)Those that encircle the urethral and anal orifices control elimination of waste. | Control of Body openings and passages
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| 1. Speech 2. Facial Expression 3. Writing | Communication
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| 1. Maintain Posture 2. Hold articulated bone in place | Stability
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| 1. Enables us to move from place to place 2.Move individual body parts 3.Move body contents during respiration, circulation, digestion, defecation, and urination. | Movement
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| Movement, Stability, Communication, Control of openings and passageways, Heat production | Functions of skeletal muscle
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| The specific function of skeletal muscle is the production of voluntary movements. Basic property of skeletal movement | Contractility
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| They act as an inhibitory force associated with the actin filaments that prevent the myosin heads from interacting with actin, thereby preventing indiscriminate muscular movement. | Regulatory Proteins
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| The 2 most common regulatory proteins Both recognize Ca as the signal to allow actin and myosin to interact with each other. | Troponin, Tropomyosin
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| Exhibit characteristics which are somewhere between type I and type II fibers Contract faster than type I but slower than type II Histologically resemble type II but have a greater resistance to fatigue. | Intermediate Fibers
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| The cell membrane | Sarcolemma
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| An elaborate, continuous tubular network which runs both parallel and perpendicular to the myofibrils Function to store Ca. | Sarcoplasm Reticulum
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| Tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma which allow electrical impulses (nerve impulses) to enter the muscle fiber and make their way to the myofibrils | Transverse Tubules (T-System)
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| A red pigment which is almost indistinguishable from the hemoglobin of blood. It gives color to muscle and stores the needed oxygen for the muscle's metabolism. | Myoglobin
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| Myofibrils are formed from longitudinally oriented bundles of thick and thin filaments called | Myofilaments
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| Myofibrils are composed of numerous repeating structural and functional units called | Sarcomeres
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| Smallest functional unit of a myofibril | Sarcomeres
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| These are the main protein elements of the skeletal muscles and consist of Actin, found mainly in I-band, and Myosin, found mainly in the A-bands | Contractile Proteins
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| Each fiber is contained within a tough specialized membrane known as | Sarcolemma
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| Large amounts of sarcoplasm and myoglobin | Type I (Dark)
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| Lesser amounts of sarcoplasm and myoglobin | Type II (Light)
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| Fewer capillary beds | Type II (Light)
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| extensive capillary beds | Type I (dark)
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| Fast twitch fibers | Type II (light)
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| Slow Twitch fibers | Type I (Dark)
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| Numerous Mitochondria | Type I (Dark)
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| Fewer Mitochondria | Type II (Light)
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| More glycogen; fewer fatty acids ATP produced anaerobically | Type II (Light)
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| More fatty acides; less glycogen ATP produced aerobically | Type I (Dark)
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| Atrophy with immobilization | Type I (Dark)
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| Atrophy with aging | Type II (Light)
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| Fatigue resistant | Type I (Dark)
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| Fatigue easier | Type II (Light
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