gastrointestinal evaluations and procedures
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| doctor who specializes in diseases and disorders of the GI tract | Gastroenterologist
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| doctor who specializes in the treatment of the lower colon, rectum and anus | Proctologist
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| doctor who specializes in treatment of liver disorders | Hepatologist
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| instrument used to examine the anus | anoscope
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| instrument used to examine the anus and rectum | proctoscope
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| pain that occurs when hollow organs of the GI tract contract or distend | Visceral pain
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| pain caused by inflammation and aggravated by movement | Parietal pain
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| pain felt away from the actual pain site | Referred pain
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| tests for hidden blood in the stool | fecal occult blood test
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| cracks in the anal skin usually caused by hard bowel movements | fissures
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| test that looks for various types of bacterial in the stool | stool culture
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| test for a specific bacteria in the stool that usually results in uncontrollable diarrhea and is a result of antibiotic therapy | Clostridium Difficile(C-Diff)
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| tests that is performed to identify intestinal parasites and their eggs, usually done on people who travel to other countries | Ova and Parasites (O&P)
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| family history; Eastern European Jews; history of polyps; inflammatory bowel disease;increased age;high fat diet;inactivity; diabetes; smoking; heavy alcohol use | risk factor associated with colorectal cancer
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| recommendations for early colorectal detection for patients with average risk | first at age fifty then every ten years after
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| patients with strong risk factors or history of polyps should be screened | every 1-6 years
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| probe is placed through the patients nose down to the distal esophagus to record the pH for 24 hours | 24-hour pH monitoring
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| entire colon is examined with a flexible lighted videoscope | colonoscopy
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| the esophagus, stomach and first portion of the small intestine is examined with a lighted videoscope | endoscopy
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| an abnoral growth extending from the interior of the colon | polyp
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| instructions given to patients prior to an endoscopy or colonoscopy | NPO after midnight; clear liquids day before test;avoid dairy products, alcohol and blood thinners; have a ride home
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| Patients receiving a endoscopy or colonoscopy need someone to drive them home because the procedure requires | IV or conscious sedation
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| additional instructions given to a patient receiving a colonoscopy | various forms of laxatives prescribed by the doctor
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| medical term for endoscopy | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| recommended interval for fecal occult blood test | every year
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| recommended interval for colonoscopy | every 10 years with no risk factors
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| stool that is black and tarry | melena
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| stomach acid backs up from the stomach into the espophagus | GERD
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| acute or chronic inflammation of the colon | ulcerative colitis
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| inflammation of any portion of the GI tract,most common site is the terminal ileum | Crohns disease
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| inflammation from Crohns can lead to | intestinal thickening. edema, abscesses,fistulas
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| treatment for Crohns can include | steroids, antibiotics,immunosupressive drugs
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| chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the liver | cirrhosis
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| risk factors for colorectal cancer | advanced age; family hx; polyps; obesity; IBS; inactivity; smoking; type 2 diabetes; diet high in red and processed meats; heavy alcohol consumption
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| most common GI disorder in the US | IBS
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| signs and symptoms of IBS | intermittent abdominal pain; cramping; bloating; diarrhea and/or constipation
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| treatment of IBS | stress management and lifestyle change; medications
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| laxative | miralax
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| antacid | prilosec, zantac, protonix
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| antidiarrheal | imodium
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| antiemetic | zofran, compazine
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| med for IBS | lotronex, amitiza
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| med for GERD | aciphex
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| med for ulcerative colitis | asacol
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| common antibiotics for intra abdominal infections | cipro and flagyl
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| inflammation of diverticulum | diverticulitis
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| bright red blood from rectum | hematochezia
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| bright red rectal bleeding may indicate | lower GI bleeding
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| black tarry stools may indicate | upper GI bleed
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| medical term for upper endoscopy | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| medical term for ERCP | Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
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