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ch 16 clinical skill
gastrointestinal evaluations and procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| doctor who specializes in diseases and disorders of the GI tract | Gastroenterologist |
| doctor who specializes in the treatment of the lower colon, rectum and anus | Proctologist |
| doctor who specializes in treatment of liver disorders | Hepatologist |
| instrument used to examine the anus | anoscope |
| instrument used to examine the anus and rectum | proctoscope |
| pain that occurs when hollow organs of the GI tract contract or distend | Visceral pain |
| pain caused by inflammation and aggravated by movement | Parietal pain |
| pain felt away from the actual pain site | Referred pain |
| tests for hidden blood in the stool | fecal occult blood test |
| cracks in the anal skin usually caused by hard bowel movements | fissures |
| test that looks for various types of bacterial in the stool | stool culture |
| test for a specific bacteria in the stool that usually results in uncontrollable diarrhea and is a result of antibiotic therapy | Clostridium Difficile(C-Diff) |
| tests that is performed to identify intestinal parasites and their eggs, usually done on people who travel to other countries | Ova and Parasites (O&P) |
| family history; Eastern European Jews; history of polyps; inflammatory bowel disease;increased age;high fat diet;inactivity; diabetes; smoking; heavy alcohol use | risk factor associated with colorectal cancer |
| recommendations for early colorectal detection for patients with average risk | first at age fifty then every ten years after |
| patients with strong risk factors or history of polyps should be screened | every 1-6 years |
| probe is placed through the patients nose down to the distal esophagus to record the pH for 24 hours | 24-hour pH monitoring |
| entire colon is examined with a flexible lighted videoscope | colonoscopy |
| the esophagus, stomach and first portion of the small intestine is examined with a lighted videoscope | endoscopy |
| an abnoral growth extending from the interior of the colon | polyp |
| instructions given to patients prior to an endoscopy or colonoscopy | NPO after midnight; clear liquids day before test;avoid dairy products, alcohol and blood thinners; have a ride home |
| Patients receiving a endoscopy or colonoscopy need someone to drive them home because the procedure requires | IV or conscious sedation |
| additional instructions given to a patient receiving a colonoscopy | various forms of laxatives prescribed by the doctor |
| medical term for endoscopy | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| recommended interval for fecal occult blood test | every year |
| recommended interval for colonoscopy | every 10 years with no risk factors |
| stool that is black and tarry | melena |
| stomach acid backs up from the stomach into the espophagus | GERD |
| acute or chronic inflammation of the colon | ulcerative colitis |
| inflammation of any portion of the GI tract,most common site is the terminal ileum | Crohns disease |
| inflammation from Crohns can lead to | intestinal thickening. edema, abscesses,fistulas |
| treatment for Crohns can include | steroids, antibiotics,immunosupressive drugs |
| chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the liver | cirrhosis |
| risk factors for colorectal cancer | advanced age; family hx; polyps; obesity; IBS; inactivity; smoking; type 2 diabetes; diet high in red and processed meats; heavy alcohol consumption |
| most common GI disorder in the US | IBS |
| signs and symptoms of IBS | intermittent abdominal pain; cramping; bloating; diarrhea and/or constipation |
| treatment of IBS | stress management and lifestyle change; medications |
| laxative | miralax |
| antacid | prilosec, zantac, protonix |
| antidiarrheal | imodium |
| antiemetic | zofran, compazine |
| med for IBS | lotronex, amitiza |
| med for GERD | aciphex |
| med for ulcerative colitis | asacol |
| common antibiotics for intra abdominal infections | cipro and flagyl |
| inflammation of diverticulum | diverticulitis |
| bright red blood from rectum | hematochezia |
| bright red rectal bleeding may indicate | lower GI bleeding |
| black tarry stools may indicate | upper GI bleed |
| medical term for upper endoscopy | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| medical term for ERCP | Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography |
Created by:
clarevoyant1019
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