Articles of confeder
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Magna Carta | an English document that limited the power of the monarch
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constitution | a set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of
the government
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Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | a law that included Thomas Jefferson’s ideas granting religious freedom
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suffrage | voting rights
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Articles of Confederation | the new national constitution, which made a new Confederation Congress the national government
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ratification | official approval of the Articles of Confederation by the states
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Land Ordinance of 1785 | a law that set up a system for surveying land and dividing
the Northwest Territory
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | a law that established the Northwest Territory and
formed a political system for the region
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Northwest Territory | a territory including Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin
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Declaration of Independence | the document that formally announced the colonies’
break from Great Britain
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Loyalists | colonists, sometimes called Tories, who remained loyal to Britain
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Common Sense | a 47-page pamphlet that argued against British rule over America
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Comte de Rochambeau | commander of 4,000 French troops that aided the Patriot
forces at the Battle of Yorktown
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Battle of Yorktown | the last major battle of the American Revolution
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Treaty of Paris of 1783 | the peace agreement in which Great Britain recognized the
independence of the United States
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Virginia Plan | a plan giving supreme power to the central government and creating a bicameral legislature made of two groups, or houses, of representatives
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New Jersey Plan | a plan creating a unicameral, or one-house, legislature
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Great Compromise | an agreement that gave each state one vote in the upper house of the legislature and a number of representatives based on its population in the lower house
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Three-Fifths Compromise | only three-fifths of a state’s slaves were counted when
deciding representation in Congress
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popular sovereignty | the idea that political power belongs to the people
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federalism | the sharing of power between a central government and the states
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legislative branch | a Congress of two houses that proposes and passes laws
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executive branch | the president and the departments that help run the government
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judicial branch | a system of all the national courts
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checks and balances | a system that keeps any branch of government from
becoming too powerful
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federal system | the government system that gives certain powers to the federal
government
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impeach | vote to bring charges of serious crimes against a president
veto cancel
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executive orders | commands from the president that have the power of law
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pardons | orders from the president that grant freedom from punishment
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Thurgood Marshall | the first African American Supreme Court Justice, appointed in
1967
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majority rule | the idea that the greatest number of people in a society can make
policies for everyone
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petition | a request made of the government
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search warrant | an order authorities must get before they search someone’s
property
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due process | a rule that the law must be fairly applied
indict formally accuse
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double jeopardy | a rule that says a person cannot be tried for the same crime more
than once
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eminent domain | the government’s power to take personal property to benefit the
public
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Guerrilla warfare | swift hit and run attacks
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