Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation
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| Pectoralis major | anterior, medial half of clavicle; anterior surface of sternum; superior 6 costal cartilages; aponeurosis of external oblique muscle | lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus | adduction, medial rotation of humerus; anterior & inferior movement of scapula; role in flexion & extension of humerus | lateral & medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head: C5-6, sternocostal head: C7-T1
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| Pectoralis minor | ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages | medial border & superior surface of coracoid process of scapula | stabilization of scapula (draws scapula inferiorly & anteriorly) | medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
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| Subclavius | junction of rib 1 & its costal cartilage | inferior surface of middle third of clavicle | anchors & depresses clavicle | C5-6
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| Serratus anterior | external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 | anterior surface of medial border of scapula | protracts & rotates scapula | long thoracic nerve (C5-7)
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| Deltoid | lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity of humerus | anterior: flexion & medial rotation of arm; middle: abduction of arm; posterior: extension & lateral rotation of arm | axillary nerve (C5-6)
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| Supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa of scapula | superior facet on greater tubercule of humerus | initiates abduction of arm, acts with rotator cuff muscles | suprascapular nerve (C4-6)
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| Infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa of scapula | middle facet on greater tubercule of humerus | lateral rotation of arm; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity | suprascapular nerve (C5-6)
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| Teres minor | superior part of lateral border of scapula | inferior facet on greater tubercule of humerus | lateral rotation of arm, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity | axillary nerve (C5-6)
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| Teres major | dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula | medial lip of intertubercule groove of humerus | adduction & medial rotation of arm | lower subscapular nerve (C6-7)
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| Subscapularis | subscapular fossa | lesser tubercule of humerus | adduction & medial rotation of arm, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity | upper & lower subscapular nerves (C5-7)
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| Biceps brachii | short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula | tuberosity of radius & fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis | flexion (when supine) & supination of forearm | musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)
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| Coracobrachialis | tip of coracoid process of scapula | middle third of medial surface of humerus | helps flex & adduct arm | musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
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| Triceps brachii | long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to to radial groove; medial groove: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove | proximal end of olecranon of ulna & fascia of forearm | extension of forearm, long head stabilizes head of abducted humerus | radial nerve (C6-8)
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| Brachialis | distal half of anterior surface of humerus | coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna | flexes forearm in all positions | musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)
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| Anconeus | lateral epicondyle of humerus | lateral surface of olecranon & superior part of posterior surface of ulna | extension of forearm, stabilization of elbow joint, abducts ulna during pronation | radial nerve (C7-T1)
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| Pronator teres | medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna | middle of lateral surface of radius | pronation & flexion of forearm | median nerve (C6-7)
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| Flexor carpi radialis | medial epicondyle of humerus | base of second metacarpal | flexion & abduction of hand | meidan nerve (C6-7)
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| Palmaris longus | medial epicondyle of humerus | distal half of flexor retinalculum & palmar aponeurosis | flexion of hand & tighening of palmar aponeurosis | median nerve (C7-8)
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| Flexor carpi ulnaris | humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head: olecranon & posterior border of ulna | pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarparl | flexion & adduction of hand | ulnar nerve (C7-8)
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis | humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar colateral ligament, coranoid process of ulna; radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius | middle phalanges 2-5 | flexion of phalanges at interphalangeal & metacarpophalangeal joints | median nerve (C7-T1)
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| Flexor digitorum profundis | medial & anterior surfaces of ulna & interosseous membrane | distal phalanges 2-5 | flexion of phalanges at interphalangeal joints 2-5 & assists in flexion of hand | medial part: ulnar nerve (C8-T1); lateral part: median nerve (C8-T1)
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| Flexor policis longus | anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane | base of distal phalanx 1 | flexes phalanges of digit 1 | anterior interosseous nerve (C8-T1)
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| Pronator quadratus | distal fourth of surface of ulna | distal fourth of surface of radius | pronation of forearm | anterior interosseous nerve (C8-T1)
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| Brachioradialis | later supercondylar ridge of humerus (common extensor attachment) | lateral surface of distal radius | flexion of forearm | radial nerve (C5-7)
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| Extensor carpi radialis longus | lateral supercondylar ridge | base of second metacarpal | extension & abduction of hand | radial nerve (C6-7)
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| Extensor carpi radialis brevis | lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor attachment) | based of metacarpal 3 | extension & abduction of hand | radial nerve (C6-7)
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| Extensor digitorum | lateral epicondyle of humerus | extensor expansions of digits 2-5 | extends digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joint | posterior interosseous nerve, branch of radial nerve
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| Extensor digiti minimi | lateral epicondyle of humerus | extensor expansion of digit 5 | extenstion of digit 5 at metacarpophalageal & interphalangeal joints | posterior interosseous nerve, branch of radial nerve
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris | lateral epicondyle of humerus & posterior border of ulna | base of 5th metacarpal | extends & adducts hand at wrist joint | posterior interosseous nerve (C7-8)
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| Supinator | lateral epicondyl eof humerus, radial colateral & anular ligaments, supinator fossa & crest of ulna | lateral, posterior & anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius | supination of forearm | deep branch of radial nerve (C5-6)
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| Extensor indicis | posterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane | extensor expansion of 2nd digit | extension of 2nd digit & helps in hand extension | posterior interosseous nerve (C7-8)
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| Abductor pollicis longus | posterior surfaces of ulna, radius, & interosseous membrane | base of 1st metacarpal | abducts thumb & extends it at carpometacarpal joint | posterior interosseous nerve (C7-8)
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| Extensor pollicis longus | posterior surface of middle third of ulna & interosseous membrane | base of distal phalanx of thumb | extension of distal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal joints | posterior interosseous nerve
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| Extensor pollicis brevis | posterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane | base of proximal phalanx of thumb | extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint | posterior interosseous nerve (C7-8)
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| Abductor pollicis brevis | flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium | lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb | abducts thumb & helps oppose it | recurrent branch of median nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Flexor pollicis brevis | flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium | base of proximal phalanx of thumb | flexes thumb | recurrent branch of median nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Opponens pollicis | flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium | lateral side of 1st metacarpal | draws 1st metacarpal bone laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm & rotates it medially | recurrent branch of median nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Adductor pollicis | oblique head: nases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals, capitate, & adjacent carpals; transverse head: anterior surface fo body of 3rd metacarpal | medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb | adduction of thumb toward middle digit | deep branch of ulnar nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Abductor digiti minimi | pisiform | medial side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | abduction of digit 5 | deep branch of ulnar nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Flexor digiti minimi brevis | hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum | medial side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | flexes proximal phalanx of digit 5 | deep branch of ulnar nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Opponens digiti minimi | hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum | medial side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit | draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly & rotates it, brings 5th digit into opposition with thumb | deep branch of ulnar nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Lumbricals 1 & 2 | lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus | lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2 & 3 | flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joints & extend interphalangeal joints | median nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Lumbricals 3 & 4 | medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus | lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 3 & 4 | flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joints & extend interphalangeal joints | deep branch of ulnar nerve ( C8-T1)
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| Dorsal interosseous 1 -4 | adjacent sides of two metacarpals ( bipennate muscles) | extensor expansions & bases of proximal phalanges digits 2-4 | (DAB) abduction of digits from axial line & act with lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints | deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
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| Palmar interosseous 1-3 | palmar surfaces of digits 2, 3, 5 metacarpals (unipennate nuscles) | extensor expansions of digits & bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, 5 | (PAD) adduction of digits 2, 4, 5 toward axial line & assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints & extension of interpalangeal joints | deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
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