Duke PA Diagnostic Methods Toxicology of Substance Abuse
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| ethanol distributes in __ phase of both plasma and erythrocytes | water
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| ethanol levels are usually measured on __ specimens for uniformity | whole blood
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| clearance of alcohol from the bloodstream is by zero-order kinetics, meaning __ | clearance occurs at a constant rate independant of concentration
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| BAC of __% = slight mood alterations, mild sedation | 0.02
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| BAC of __% = lowered inhibition, impairment of judgment and less rational decisions | 0.06
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| BAC of __% = decreased reaction time (legally drunk) | 0.08
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| BAC of __% = impaired balance and coordination | 0.15
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| BAC of __% = decreased pain and sensation | 0.20
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| BAC of __% = diminished reflexes, semi-conscious | 0.30
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| BAC of __% = loss of consciousness, very limited reflexes | 0.40
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| BAC of __% = death | 0.50
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| United States madatory BAC limit for public driving > or = __% | 0.08
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| United States madatory BAC limit for public transportation employees (bus drivers) > or = __% | 0.01
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| United States madatory BAC limit for pilots > or = __% (also no alcohol in the last 8 hours) | 0.04
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| wood alcohol | methanol
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| rubbing alcohol | isopropanol
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| antifreeze | ethylene glycol
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| Enzymatic assays utilizing alcohol dehydrogenase reaction may detect __ | all alcohols
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| gas liquid chromatography provides __ results | qualitative and quantitative results
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| applies to the handling of evidence and its integrity | chain of custody
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| lab abnormalities associated with chronic alcohol use | macrocytosis, anemia, elevations in AST, ALT, GGT, CDT
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| the two methods of pathology of cocaine | direct effect on sympathetic tone (vasoconstrictor), direct toxicity to myocardium
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| false positive on screening for __ is high (NSAIDS, passive exposure) | cannabinoids
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| is lipophilic and may stay in the system from days to weeks | THC
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| Serum drug screen at Duke is used primarily for overdose and ETOH. It includess | acetaminophen, salicylate, tricyclics, ethanol
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| amphetamine/metamphetamine can be detected in the blood for | 2-3 days
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| benzodiazepines can be detected in the blood for | up to 4 weeks
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| cocaine can be detected in the blood for | 2-4 hours
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| cocaine metabolites may be detected in the blood for | 3-5 days
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| opiates can be detected in the blood for | minutes
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| THC can be detected in the blood for | up to 1 month
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| PCP can be detected in the blood for | 2-3 days
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