Muscles
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| contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| Excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
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| Extensibility | Ability to be stretched
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| Muscle fiber | muscle cell
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| Epimysium | Each skeletal muscle surrounded by connective tissue sheath
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| Fascia | Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium
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| Fascia | surrounds and separates muscles
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| Fasciculi | muscle that is composed of numerous visible bundles
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| perimysium | Fasciculi is surrounded by loose connective tissue
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| Actin myofilaments | thin Myofilaments, which resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together
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| Myosin myofilaments | thick Myofilaments, which resemble bundles of golf clubs
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| Sarcomeres | Actin and Myosin Myofilaments form highly ordered units
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| Sarcomeres | which are joined end to end to form myofibril
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| sarcomere | basic structural and functional unity
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| sarcomere | each one extends from one Z line to another Z line. Each Z line is an attachment site for actin
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| resting membrane potential | outside of most cell membranes is positively charged compared to the inside of the cell membrane, which is negatively the charge difference across the membrane
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| action potential | when muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly, the brief reversal back of charge
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| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| neuromuscular junction | axons enter the muscle and branch. Each branch that connects to the muscle
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| motor unit | single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates
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| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal
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| synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell
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| postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber in it
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| Synaptic vessels | each presynaptic vessel contains it
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| acetylocholine | secrete a neurotransmitter
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| acetylocholine | diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in postsynaptic cell
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| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myofilaments during contraction
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| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers
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| threshold | muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until the stimulus reaches a level
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| lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of contraction
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| contraction phase | time of contraction is
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| relaxation phase | time during which the muscle relaxes
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| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| recruitment | increase of number of motor units being activated
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| ATP(adensosine triphosphate) | is needed for energy for muscle
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| ATP | produced in the mitochondria
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| Creatine phosphate | When rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high end molecule
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| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen
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| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen(more efficient)
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| muscle fatigue | results of ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells
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| Isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process
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| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes
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| muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time keeps head and back straight
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| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism
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| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and is more resistant to fatigue, they are better suited for aerobic metabolism
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| origin(head) | is the most stationary end of the muscle
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| Insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement
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| belly | portion of muscle between the origin and insertion
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| Synergist | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements
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| antagonist | muscles that work in opposition to one another
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| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows
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| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes crows feet, wrinkles skin at lateral corners of eyes
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| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips
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| Buccinator | Flattens cheeks, Trumpeters muscle
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| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle
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| Levatator Labii superioris | sneering
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| Depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| Mastification | chewing
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| Intrinsic Tongue Muscle | change the shape of tongue
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| Extrinsic Tongue Muscle | Move the Tongue
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| Sternocleidmastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover, rotates and abducts the head
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| Platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck, pulls the corners of mouth inferiorly
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| Erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and body erect
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| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration
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| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration
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| Diaphram | accomplishes quiet breathing
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| Trapezius | Rotates scapula
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| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anterior
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| Pectoralis Major | adducts and flexes arm
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| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm
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| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm
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| Brachialis | flexes forearm
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| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm
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| flexor carpi | flexes wrist
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| extensor carpi | extends the wrist
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| flexor digitorium | flexes the fingers
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Created by:
Kbrumfield
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