Pink sheet terms, important vocabulary and concepts.
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| nation state | Politically organized space where a nation and a state occupy the same space. Japan is in example but their are few states like it. So is Iceland.
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| Structure of contemporary political map. | Independent states are the building blocks of the of world political map. The types include, nations, states, nation-states, multinational states, multistate nations, and autonomous regions.
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| Evolution of contemporary political map. | Began in Europe, Colonialism and imperialism=spread of nationalism and influence of contemporary political boundaries.
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| Geopolitical influences on the contemporary political map. | After World War 2, Independence movements and democratization shaped political map. Fall of Communism led to creation of newly independent states, and changing the world balance of power.
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| Concepts of political power. | Power expressed geographically as control over people, land, and resources.
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| Territoriality | The connection of people, their culture and their economic systems to the land.
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| Nature and function of international and internal boundaries. | Boundaries are defined, delimited demarcated, and administered.
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| International boundaries | Establish the limits of sovereignty and can be the source of disputes. Influence identity and promote/prevent intentional or internal interaction and exchanges.
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| Law of the Seas | Enable countries to extend boundaries, which sometime results in conflicts. Permits states to delimit territory up to 12 miles. Sovereignty extends in all forms in this zone.
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| Exclusive economic zone | Economic rights up to 200 nautical miles; a right to control exploration of natural resources, in water, seabed and subsoil.
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| exclave | non-island piece of territory that is part of a state but lies separated from it by territory or another state.
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| enclave | piece of territory that is surrounded by another political unit which it is not a part of. *(Landlocked within the country which surrounded them.)
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| Forms of governance | unitary states and federal states. United States and Switzerland are Federal and France is unitary.
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| Unitary state | Central government has direct control of everything in the state.
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| Federal State | Central Government has authority but states or sub national states also have authority in the territory.
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| Supernationalism | The coming together of three or more countries for a common goal.
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| State morphology types | Compact- Poland
Elongated - Vietnam and Chile
Perforated- South Africa
Fragmented- Indonesia, Azerbaijan, Sicily, Sardinia
Prorupted- Thailand
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| Nation state examples | Japan and Greenland
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| Supernationalism examples | UN, NATO, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA. More than three states forge an association and form an administration for mutual benefit for a common objective
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| Forces that lead to devolution of states | Physical geography, ethnic separatism, terrorism, economic and social problems.
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| Difference between a state and a nation | A nation is a group of people who see themselves as one group because of similar culture and history and seek political-territorial autonomy. A state has an agreed definition among the International community and politically constructed.
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| Example of imperialization | Africa
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| Microstate | a state that encompass a very small land area.
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| Stateless nation | Examples- Palestine, Kurdistan, Saami
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| Economic devolution | splitting of a state due to differences in economics
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| Centrifugal | forces that divide people in a state
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| Centripetal | forces that unify a people in a state
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| devolution | is the movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state
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| multinational state | a state with more than one nation inside its borders
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| multistate nation | When a nation stretches across borders and across states
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| state | is a politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government.
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| nation | Refer to a group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial autonomy. All nations are ultimately mixtures of different peoples
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| Stateless nation example | the Kurds
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| The three basic tenets of world-systems theory, as Immanuel Wallerstein defines | Capitalism, commodification, and the three tiered world economy structure, of core, periphery, and semi periphery.
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| Federalism | all power vested in the provinces of the country, except those explicitly given to the federal government.
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| classic geopolitics schools | the German school and the US/Britain school
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| German school | Tried to explain why certain states were powerful and how they became powerful. Friedrick Ratzel
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| US/Britain school | Land-based power, not sea power, would ultimately rule the world. Sir Halford J. Mackinder
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| Unilateralism | One country in position of dominance and other countries follow its lead.
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| Deterritorialization | globalization, networked communities, etc. undermine the state’s traditional territorial authority
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| Reterritorialization | the state is moving to solidify control over the territory.
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| Define a boundary | boundary in a treaty-like legal document in which actual points in the landscape or points of latitude and longitude are described.
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| Delimit a boundary | the boundary by drawing on a map
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| Definitional boundary disputes | disputes focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement.
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| Locational boundary disputes | disputes center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary. The definition is not in dispute, but its interpretation is.
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| Operational boundary disputes | involve neighbors who differ over the way their border should function.
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| Allocational boundary disputes | becoming more common as the search for resources intensifies.
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| Demarcate a boundary | demarcate the boundary by using steel posts, concrete pillars, fences, walls, or some other visible means to mark the boundary on the ground.
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| Geometrical boundaries | are drawn using grid systems such as latitude and longitude or township and range
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| physical-political boundaries | follow an agreed upon figure in the natural landscape
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| Peace of Westphalia | negotiated in 1648, marks the beginning of the modern state system
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| Devolution in Europe | France, Spain, United Kingdom, Italy, Poland
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| Heartland theory | Halford Mackinder, Political power based on the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate world. Easter Europe controlled access to the Euraisain interior, its ruler would command a vast heartland to the east.
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| superimposed boundary | a boundary or border line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern or imposed by external powers
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