ANATOMY: THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL NERVES
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: SMELL | OLFACTORY
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: VISION | OPTIC
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR:RAISING THE EYELIDS, DIRECTING THE EYEBALL | OCULOMOTOR
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: MOTOR NERVE; DIRECTS EYEBALLS | TROCHLEAR
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: GENERAL SENSATION | TRIGEMINAL
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: TASTE; SENSORY-FACIAL EXPRESSION | ABDUCENS
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: CRANIAL NERVE FOR:HEARING; BALANCE | VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR:SWALLOWING, SALAVATION; GAGGING; REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND RESPIRATION; TOUCH, PRESSUE, TASTE AND PAIN SENSATIONS FROM TONGUE AND PHARNYX. | GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
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| SCRANIAL NERVE FOR: SWALLOWING, TASTE, SPEECH; PULMONARY, CARDIOVASCULAR, AND GI REGULATION; SENSATION OF HUNGER, FULLNESS, AND INTESTINAL DISCOMFORT | VAGUS
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: SWALLOWING; HEAD, NECK, AND SHOLDER MOVEMENT | ACCESSORY
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: TONGUE MOVEMENT OF SPEECH, FOOD MANIPULATION, AND SWALLOWING. | HYPOGLOSSAL
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: OLFACTORY | I;one
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: OPTIC | II:TWO
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR:OCULOMOTOR | III:THREE
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR:TROCHLEAR | IV:FOUR
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR:TRIGEMINAL | V:FIVE
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR: ABDUCENS | VI:SIX
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| FACIAL CRANIAL NERVE NUMBER: | VII:SEVEN
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR: | VIII:EIGHT
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR GLOSSOPHARNYGEAL: | IX:NINE
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR vagus: | x:ten
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR ACCESSORY: | XI:ELEVEN
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| CRANIAL NERVE FOR HYPOGLOSSAL: | XII:TWELVE
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| An autonomic reflex center involved in maintaining body homeostasis (cardiovascular center, respiratory centers, centers for sneezing, vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, coughing) | Medulla oblongata
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| Contains the pneumotaxic center to maintain the normal rhythm of breathing | Pons
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| Controls visual reflexes that coordinate head and eye movements when we follow a moving object | Midbrain
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| Associated with the pineal gland, secretes melatonin to induce sleep | Epithalamus
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| The main visceral control center of the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis | Hypothalamus
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| Sorts and "edits" information from sensory areas ascending to the cerebral cortex | Thalamus
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| Receives information from the general sensory receptors in the skin and from proprioceptors in skeletal muscles | Primary somatosensory cortex
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| Integrates sensory inputs (temperature, pressure, etc.) relayed to it to produce an understanding of an object being felt | Somatosensory association cortex
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| Involved in the perception of taste stimuli | Gustatory cortex
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| Important in starting, stopping, and monitoring the intensity of movements executed by the cortex | Basal nuclei
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| Enter the cerebral hemispheres from lower brain or cord centers, and those that leave the cortex to travel to lower areas | Projection fibers
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| Neuron cell bodies | Gray matter
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| Groups of axons in the CNS | White matter
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| Shortage of ACh and structural changes in the brain | Alzheimer's disease
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| Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei | Parkinson's disease
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| Seen during deep sleep, during anesthesia; indicate brain damage in awake adults | Delta waves
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| Common in children; abnormal in awake adults | Theta waves
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| Occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus | Beta waves
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| Indicate a brain that is "idling", a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness | Alpha waves
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