Ch. 7 - The Respiratory System/ Terms
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| acute bronchitis | - sudden onset and short duration
- recovery is usually complete
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| chronic bronchitis | - gradual onset and long duration
- usually caused by smoking
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| bronchial asthma | caused by narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles
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| emphysema | caused by destruction of the walls of the alveoli with loss of the elasticity
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| COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | - chronic obstruction/ blockage
- chronic inflammation
- usually associated w/ smoking
- may lead to respiratory failure
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| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluids in the pleural cavity
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| pyothorax = empyema | accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
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| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity
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| hemothorax | blood in the pleural cavity
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| pneumonia | - inflammation of the lung tissue
- can affect one lobe only
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| bronchopneumonia | - inflammation of the lung and bronchi
- affects the whole lung or both lungs
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| pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles
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| anosmia | loss of the sense of smell
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| TB tuberculosis | - caused by bacterial infection of the lung
- causes destruction of the lung tissue
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| cystic fibrosis | - a genetic disease characterized by the presence of multiple cysts
- affects several body organs and can be fatal
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| pulmonary edema | accumulation of fluids in the lungs
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| pulmonary embolism | blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a mass of undissolved matter (blood clot)
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| SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | sudden death of an infant w/out a known cause
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| epistaxis | bleeding from the nose
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| RDS Respiratory Distress Syndrome | - difficcult of breathing in a premature baby
- caused by absence of surfactant
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| atelectesis | - collapse of the lung
- atel is incomplete
- ectesis is expansion
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| deviated nasal septum | deviation of the nasal septum to one side (not in the middle line)
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| coryza | - URI Upper Respiratory Infection
- head cold
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| pertusis | whooping cough
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| stridor | high pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx (voice box) or an obstructive of the airway
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| Mantoux test (TB test) | test for previous exposure to TB
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| sputum culture | to identify the type of bacteria in the sputum (phlegm) in case of Lower Respiratory Infectrion
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| throat culture | to identify the type of bacteria in case of throat infection
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| CXR Chest X-ray | radiographic imaging of the lung
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| CT scan computed tomography scan | imaging cross sectional views of the chest at different level
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| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi
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| larangoscopy | visual examination of the larynx (voice box)
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| nasopharyngoscopy | visual examination of the nasal cavity and pharynx (throat)
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| spirometry | - measurement of breathing
- to measure differences lung volumes and capacities
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| oximetry | measuring the percentage of hemoglobin saturation w/ oxygen
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| ABGs Arterial Blood Gases | measuring the level of oxygen and carbond dioxide in the arterial blood
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| thoracocentesis | puncture of the chest to drain fluids from the pleural cavity
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| sinusotomy | making an incision to drain out fluids from the nasal sinuses
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| tracheostomy | creating an opening in the trachea (windpipe)
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| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of the tonsills
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| pleurectomy | surgical removal part of the pleral
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| lobectomy | surgical removal of one lobe of the lung
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| pneumonectomy | surgical removal of one lung
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| septoplasty | surgical repair of the nasal septum
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| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose
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| asphyxia | insufficient oxygen due to lack of breathing
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| hypoxia | decrease oxygen level in tissue
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| hypoxemia | decrease oxygen level in the bloos
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| eupnea | normal breathing
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| apnea | without/ stop breathing
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| orthopnea | better breathing when standing straight
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