STAAR Review
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| Representative Government | system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them
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| House of Burgesses | first representative assembly in the new world
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| Three Branches of Government | Legistlative, Executive, Judicial
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| Magna Carta | first document sighned in 1215 them limited power of the ruler and gave trial by jury
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| English Bill of Rights | protected rights of English citizens, became basis for U.S. Bill of Rights
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| Mayflower Compact | document signed by pilgrims in 1620 that promised to agree on laws and work together to make Plymouth succeed
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| Jamestown | fist successful English colony in the new world, founded in 1607
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| Plymouth | colony founded by the pilgrims in 1620
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| Columbus | discovered the Americas in 1492 for the Queen of Spain
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| Mercantilism | economic theory that a country’s power is based off of its wealth and that a country should sell more than buy
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| Free Enterprise | freedom of private businesses to compete for profit with minimal regulation
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| Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut | first written constitution in the Americas
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| Middle Colonies | New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
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| Southern Colonies | North, South Carolina, Georgia, Maryland
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| New England Colonies | New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
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| Puritans | those who sought to reform the English church
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| Land claimed by a country in a different area of the world. Settlers are sent to this area to maintain claim. | Colony
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| Settlement of the colony | Colonization
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| Belief that a colony exists to benefit the mother country financially; maintaining wealth by controlling trade. | Mercantilism
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| Business compete for consumers who are free to decide where to purchase goods. The government has little control. | Free Enterprise
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| Trade route that existed between the 13 colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. They traded rum, sugar, and slaves. | Triangular Trade
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| Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America. | Indentured Servant
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| African American who is purchased to work for life on a plantation | Slave
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| Buying and selling of humans for forced labor | Slave Trade
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| Large farms that grew cash crops. The land was farmed by slaves who lived on the land. | Plantation System
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| Crops grown to sell. | Cash Crops
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| Production of goods in a factory setting. | Industry
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| Tax placed on goods coming into a country. | Tariff
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| A tariff placed on foreign goods to protect domestic industry | Protective Tariff
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| System of government in which power is held by a queen or king. | Monarchy
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| Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire | New England Colonies
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| New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware | Middle Colonies
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| Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia | Southern Colonies
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| Issues relating to government and a citizens' relationship with government | Political Reasons
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| Issues relating to how people make money for their families; the production of gods and services | Economic Reasons
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| Issues relating to society including people, language, religion, education, art, etc. | Social Reasons
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| Person who wanted to separate from the Church of England. | Pilgrim
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| Person who wanted to "purify" or reform the Church of England | Puritan
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| Area that is similar in climate, geographic features, and economies | Region
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| Complaint | Grievance
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| To change | Amend
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| A change in the Constitution | Amendment
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| To officially accept | Ratify
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| Rights that all people possess; rights the government cannot deny. | Unalienable Rights
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| Putting government duty ahead of personal duties. | Civic Virtue
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| Responsibilities of citizenship includes voting and paying taxes. | Civic Duty
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| Rebelling against government not meeting your civic duties. | Civic Disobedience
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| To do away with, bring something to an end. | Abolish
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| Person who wanted to end slavery. | Abolitionist
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| Men who helped shape the U.S. through ideas, documents, and leadership. | Founding Fathers
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| Group of people with similar ideas about government. | Political Party
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| The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional. | Judicial Review
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| To declare legally void; invalidate. | Nullify
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| View that the states should hold more power than the Federal Government. | States' Rights
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| The belief that the U.S. should extend all the way to the pacific ocean. | Manifest Destiny
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| Moving from one country to another | Immigration
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| New ways of doing things based on new discoveries | Innovation
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| To change | Reform
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| To formally surrender; give up | Cede
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| To withdraw | Secede
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| Group of states formally united under one government | Union
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| Everyone, regardless of gender, race, or ethnicity, has equal rights. | Equality
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| To be added to a larger entity. | Annex
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| To take the legal steps and become a citizen. | Naturalized Citizen
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| Making the section more important than the group | Sectionalism
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| What was the 1st successful English settlement in North America? | Jamestown
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| What year was Jamestown founded? | 1607
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| What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses? | First representative assembly in North America
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| What was the name of the laws established for the good of the colony of Plymouth? | Mayflower Compact
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| What was the name of the intellectual movement that swept through the colonies in the 1700's? | Enlightenment
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| What was the name of the religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1700's? | The Great Awakening
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| Which act forbid colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains? | Proclamation of 1763
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| Which act forced colonists to house and feed British soldiers? | Quartering Act
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| What was the name of the event where British soldiers fired into a crowd of civilians and killed five people? | Boston Massacre
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| What was event in which colonists dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor? | Boston Tea Party
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| What were the names of the acts passed by Britain intended to punish the colonists? | Coercive(Intolerable) Acts
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| What was the significance of "the shot heard 'round the world"? | It marked the start of the American Revolution
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| What is the significance of 1776? | America declared its independence from Great Britain
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| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| List the three inalienable rights mentioned in the Declaration of Independence? | Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness
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| Who wrote "These are the times that try men's souls" in The Crisis? | Thomas Paine
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| What were the two pamphlets that Thomas Paine wrote? | "Common Sense" and "The Crisis"
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| Who was the King of England during the American Revolution? | King George III
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| Who was the Commander of the Continental Army? | George Washington
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| What was the signficance of the Battle of Saratoga? | It was the "turning point" of the American Revolution because the French began to help us out.
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| What battle marked the end of the American Revolution? | Battle of Yorktown
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| What was the name of the agreement in which Great Britain recognized America's independence? | Treaty of Paris (1783)
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| What was the significance of 1787? | It was when the U.S. Constitution was written in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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| What was the first form of national government in the U.S.? | Articles of Confederation
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| What was the biggest weakness of the Articles of Confederation? | It did not have the power to tax.
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| Which law described the process of how territories would be incorporated as states? | Northwest Ordinance
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| Which event exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | Shay's Rebellion
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| Who was known as the "Father of the Constitution? | James Madison
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| What was the name of the compromise on legislative representation? | The Great Compromise
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| What is the significance of the Bill of Rights? | They protect the basic rights of the people.
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| Which principle explains that there are powers shared between the federal government and state governments | Federalism
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| Which principle describes a government in which the people rule? | Popular Sovereignty
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| Which principle divides the government into three different branches? | Separation of Powers
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| Which principle makes it so that no one branch has more power than the other two? | Checks and Balances
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| Who was the first President of the United States? | George Washington
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| What is the name of the group of advisors chosen by the president? | The Cabinet
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| What was the name of the protest by Pennsylvania farmers? | Whiskey Rebellion
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| Who was the second President of the United States? | John Adams
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| What was the name of the incident where France asked the U.S. for a bribe? | The X,Y,Z Affair
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| What was the law that was aimed at immigrants coming into the United States? | Alien and Sedition Acts
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| What is the significance of 1803? | Louisiana Purchase (It doubled the size of the U.S.)
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| What famous Supreme Court case established the principle of Judicial Review? | Marbury v. Madison
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| What were the three Causes of the War of 1812? | 1. Impressment of U.S. Sailors 2. Interference of U.S. Shipping 3. Encouraging Native American Resistance
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| Who wrote the "Star Spangled Banner"? | Francis Scott Key
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| What was the name of the Cherokee journey to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma? | "Trail of Tears"
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| Which U.S. President strongly supported Indian relocation? | Andrew Jackson
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| Who invented the cotton gin? | Eli Whitney
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| Who invented the steamboat? | Robert Fulton
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| Who invented the telegraph? | Samuel F.B. Morse
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| Who invented the steel plow? | John Deere
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| What was the name of the famous Supreme Court case that gave one steamboat company a monopoly? | Gibbons v. Ogden
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| What is the name of the philosophy that it was America's right to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean and that western expansion was inevitable? | Manifest Destiny
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| What was a direct result of the California Gold Rush? | California became a state.
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| What was the name of the treaty that ended the Mexican War? | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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| What was the name of the territorial acquisition obtained as a result of the Mexican War? | Mexican Cession
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| What event marked the start of the Women's Rights Movement? | Seneca Falls Convention
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| Who wrote "The Liberator"? | William Lloyd Garrison
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| Who wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin"? | Harriett Beecher Stowe
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| Which social reformer fought for better treatment of the mentally ill? | Dorothea Dix
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| Which social reformer fought for increased educational opportunities for students and better training and higher salaries for teachers? | Horace Mann
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| Which social reformer and women's rights activist was a former slave and excellent speaker? | Sojourner Truth
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| Which social reformer was a conductor on the Underground Railroad? | Harriet Tubman
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| What do you call a peaceful form of protest? | Civil Disobedience
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| What do you call when the voters of a territory are allowed to determine the issue of slavery? | Popular Sovereignty
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| What was the name of the famous Supreme Court Case in which a Missouri slave sued for his freedom? | Dred Scott v. Sanford
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| Who won the Election of 1860? | Abraham Lincoln
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| What was the direct result of the Election of 1860? | South Carolina seceded from the Union.
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| Which event marked the start of the Civil War? | Attack on Ft. Sumter
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| Who was President of the U.S. during the Civil War? | Abraham Lincoln
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| What battle was the "bloodiest day" in all of American military history? | Battle of Antietam
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| What battle was known as the "turning point" of the Civil War? | Battle of Gettysburg
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| What battle gave the Union control of the entire Mississippi River, thus dividing the Confederacy? | Siege of Vicksburg
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| Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant? | Appomattox Court House, VA
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| What amendment abolished slavery? | 13th Amendment
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| Define Manifest Destiny. | The belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
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| What drew people to the west? | The west had vast stretches of land, offering a golden chance to make money.
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| Who were the Mormons and why did they go west? | The Mormons were members of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. They wanted to go west so that they could follow their faith in peace.
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| Why did Americans want to move to Texas? | The land was rich and desirable, forests in the east, and had rivers. Some Americans wanted to start a new life, others were escaping the law, and some wanted a chance to be rich.
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| How did the California Gold Rush get started and what was the impact? | When James Marshall found gold while building a sawmill. The impact resulted in large amounts of people rushing to California and creating mining camps. Few people became rich from the gold.
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| What role did George Washington play in the American Revolution? | He was the general of the continental army.
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| What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga? | It caused european nations to think that the Americans might when their war on independence.
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| Who was Marquis de Lafayette? | He was a French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington’s army at 19
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| Which countries joined in the fight? | France and Spain
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| Who was John Paul Jones? | He was an officer who won the most famous sea battle.
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| What happened in the Battle of Yorktown? | American and French bombarded Yorktown.
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| What was "The American Crisis"? | They were a series of pamphlets that encouraged soldiers to keep fighting.
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| Who was The American Crisis' author? | The author was Thomas Payne
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| How does "The American Crisis" relate to the Freedom of Speech? | Thomas was nearly sent to jail for stirring up rebellion due to his words.
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| Define Free Enterprise. | Americans developing their own manufacturing.
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| Wrote letters to her husband during the American Revolution | Abigail Adams
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| Delegate of the 2nd Continental Congress and Second President of the U.S. | John Adams
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| African-American who fought with the Patriots during the American Revolution | Wentworth Cheswell
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| Leader of the Sons of Liberty | Samuel Adams
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| Revolutionary writer and poet | Mercy Otis Warren
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| African-American who spied for the Continental Army | James Armistead
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| Early American Inventor, Statesman and Member of the 2nd Continental Congress | Benjamin Franklin
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| Spanish governor of Louisiana who raided British forts along the Gulf of Mexico | Bernardo de Galvez
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| A dockworker who was shot and killed at the Boston Massacre; first casualty of the American Revolution | Crispus Attucks
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| King of England during the American Revolution | King George III
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| An wealthy American who helped the Patriot cause by financing (helping to pay for) the American Revolution | Haym Saloman
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| Delegate from Virginia; famous for his "Give me liberty or give me death!" speech | Patrick Henry
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| Author of the Declaration of Independence and Third President of the U.S. | Thomas Jefferson
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| A French officer who served directly under George Washington during the American Revolution | Marquis de Lafayette
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| Author of "Common Sense" and "The Crisis" | Thomas Paine
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| Commander of the Continental Army and First President of the U.S. | George Washington
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| President during the War of 1812 | James Madison
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| President who warned European nations to stay out of the Americas (Monroe Doctrine) | James Monroe
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| Seventh President of the U.S.; came up with the Spoils System; removed Cherokee Indians off of their land in Georgia | Andrew Jackson
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| 6th President of the U.S. and longtime member of the House of Representatives | John Quincy Adams
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| Congressman from South Carolina who came up with the Doctrine of Nullification | John C. Calhoun
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| Senator from Kentucky and known as the "Great Compromiser" | Henry Clay
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| Congressman from Massachusetts and strong supporter of the Constitution | Daniel Webster
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| President of the Confederacy | Jefferson Davis
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| Union General during the Civil War | Ulysses S. Grant
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| Confederate General from Virginia | Robert E. Lee
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| President of the U.S. during the Civil War | Abraham Lincoln
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| African-American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his efforts during the Civil War | William Carney
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| Union Navy officer who received the Medal of Honor during the Civil War | Philip Bazaar
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| First African-American who served as a member of Congress (a Republican from Mississippi) | Hiram Rhodes Revels
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| Federalist from New York; came up with a financial plan to get America out of debt | Alexander Hamilton
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| Anti-Federalist who "smelled a rat tending towards monarchy" | Patrick Henry
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| Known as the "Father of the Constitution" | James Madison
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| Anti-Federalist from Virginia | George Mason
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| Founder of Connecticut | Thomas Hooker
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| An Enlightenment thinker who came up with the idea of Separation of Powers | Charles de Montesquieu
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| An English philosopher who came up with the idea of "Life, liberty and property"; influenced Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of Independence | John Locke
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| An English judge who wrote the "Commentaries on the Laws of England" | William Blackstone
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| A Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania | William Penn
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| Advocate of a peaceful form of protest called "Civil Disobedience" | Henry David Thoreau
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| Black Abolitionist Leader and Excellent Speaker | Frederick Douglass
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| Naval officer from the American Revolution; quoted as saying, "I have not yet begun to fight!" | John Paul Jones
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| Confederate General from Virginia; accidentally shot by one of his own men | Stonewall Jackson
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| Women's Rights activist; fought for women's suffrage | Susan B. Anthony
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| Women's Rights activist; helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention | Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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| American artist who focused on different birds of America | John James Audubon
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| What year was Jamestown founded? | 1607
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| What year was the signing of the Mayflower Compact? | 1620
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| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What year was the Declaration of Independence signed? | 1776
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| What year was the Louisiana Territory purchased? | 1803
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| How long was the civil war? | 1861- 1865 4 years
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| Why was the Magna Carta written? | It was written to protect the rights of citizens. 1215 <- the year it was written
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| What was the Proclamation of 1763 for? | It prevented colonies from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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| What is the Sugar Act about? | It was tax placed on sugar and other products shipped to the colonies.
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| What is the Stamp Act about? | All paper documents had to carry a tax stamp
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| Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty? | Samuel Adams
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| What was the Boston Massacre about? | English soldiers fired on colonists they killed 5 people.
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| What was the Boston Tea Party about? | The colonists boarded the ships and destroyed British tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor
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| What is the Intolerable Act about? | They punished Boston for the Tea Party by closing the Boston Harbor.
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| What was the battle of Lexington and Concord? | It was the first battles of the civil war
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| What was the battle of Saratoga? | It was the turning point of the war; the French begin to support the colonies in their fight for independence.
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| What is Valley Forge? | It was Washington's winter camp
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| What was the battle of Yorktown? | It was the last battle of the American Revolution
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| What was the Treaty of Paris? | It ended the American Revolution
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| What is Unalienable Rights? | Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
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| What is the Northwest Ordinance? (1787) | It decided how new territory was settles and application for statehood.
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| What was the Constitutional Convention for? (1787) | It created a new constitution to correct the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
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| What was the Great Compromise about? | It combined the New Jersey and Virginia Plans to create a Congress
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| I was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. I issued the Proclamation of Neutrality. I gave the U.S. 3 warnings in my farewell address. | George Washington
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| American Red Cross American nurse organized relief for the wounded | Clara Barton
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| Issued the Indian Removal Act, Spoils System, and Nullification Crisis | Andrew Jackson
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| James Madison | 4th US President
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| William Penn | Founded colony of Pennsylvania for Quakers
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| Thomas Hooker | Wrote Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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| Roger Williams | Founded Rhode Island, favored separation of church and state
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| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | First written constitution in the colonies
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| English Bill of Rights | Used as a model for U.S. Bill of Rights
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| First Great Awakening | Time of increased interest in religion and toleration
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| Intolerable Acts | Punished Boston colonists for Boston Tea Party
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| Samuel Adams | Started Sons of Liberty to protest taxes
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| Crispus Attucks | African American killed at the Boston Massacre
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| Anne Hutchinson | Separation of Church and State
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| John Locke | Influenced Jefferson & the Declaration of Independence
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| Montesquieu | Wrote about separation of powers, education is important
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| 1607 | Jamestown
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| 1620 | Pilgrims arrive and the Mayflower Compact
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| mercantilism | Economic system that led to regulations on colonial trade
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| Wentworth Cheswell | African American patriot like Paul Revere, fought at Saratoga in the American Revolution
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| Thomas Paine | Author of "Common Sense" a pamphlet to convince people to declare independence
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| Mercy Otis Warren | Wrote articles to support Patriot cause during the American Revolution
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| William Blackstone | Believed in religious toleration and self defense (2nd amendment)
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| Mayflower Compact | Agreement for self-government among Pilgrims
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| House of Burgesses | First representative assembly in the colonies
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| Proclamation of 1763 | Limited westward expansion across the Appalachian Mountains
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| No Taxation without Representation | Colonists protest paying taxes because they aren't allowed to vote
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| Boston Tea Party | Colonists dump tea in Boston Harbor to protest tax. An example of Civil Disobedience
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| Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams; promoted women's rights; "Remember the ladies"
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| John Adams | Defended British soldiers in Boston Massacre;2nd President; XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts
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| James Armistead | African-American spy for the Continental Army
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| Benjamin Franklin | Diplomat in France; helped write Declaration of Independence; negotiated Treaty of Paris
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| Bernardo de Galvez | Spanish soldier who defended American ships at New Orleans
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| King George III | Leader of England during the Revolutionary Era
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| Haym Salomon | Jewish immigrant who convinced German soldiers to leave British Army
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| Patrick Henry | Patriot from Virginia who said "Give me liberty or give me death!"
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| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote Declaration of Independence; 3rd President; made Louisiana Purchase, Embargo Act
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| Marquis de Lafayette | French officer who helped train Washington's army
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| George Washington | Commander of Continental Army; 1st President
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| Lexington and Concord, MA | Shot Heard Round the World; 1st battles of the American Revolution
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| Saratoga, NY | American Victory was a turning point because France and Spain agreed to help by sending money and supplies
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| Yorktown, VA | Last battle of the American Revolution; British surrendered after their army was surrounded
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| Anti-Federalists | Mason & Henry; against ratification; supported Bill of Rights & states' rights
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| Articles of Confederation | First government of U.S. in 1776; it was too weak to control the states
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| Bill of Rights | First 10 Amendments added to the Constitution; guarantees individual rights
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| Republicanism | Elected representatives make and enforce laws
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| Popular Sovereignty | The power to run the government comes from the people through voting
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| Limited Government | Power is limited to that allowed by the Constitution
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| Federalism | Distribution of power between state and federal governments
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| Separation of Powers | Power is divided into 3 branches: executive, legislative, judicial
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| Checks & Balances | Each branch can limit the power of the other two
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| Great Compromise | Created bicameral legislature: House of Representatives based on population and Senate with equal representation
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| 3/5 Compromise | Settled issue of how to count slaves toward population for representation and taxation (three of every five)
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| Federalists | Madison & Hamilton; supported ratification and a strong central government
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| 1803 | Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.
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| War of 1812 | U.S. vs. British: fought to end British interference in shipping and impressment of sailors
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| Alexander Hamilton | Federalist; started the National Bank
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| Civic Virtue | Putting service to country above self-interests
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| Embargo Act of 1807 | Jefferson stopped all trade with other countries
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| Alien & Sedition Act | John Adams imprisons those who criticize the government
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| John Marshall | Chief justice of the Supreme Court
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| Marbury v. Madison | Landmark court case=judicial review
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| Washington's Farewell Address | advises U.S. to stay neutral
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| XYZ Affair | John Adams avoids war with France
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| Monroe Doctrine | 5th President tells Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere
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| Democratic-Republicans | favored strict interpretation of Constitution and states' rights
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| Northwest Ordinance | Established procedure for adding new states (60,000 people)
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| McCulloch v. Maryland | Congress has implied powers (i.e. elastic clause)
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| Gibbons v. Ogden | Congress can regulate interstate trade
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| Era of Good Feelings | Time of nationalism and unity during Monroe's Presidency
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| Indian Removal Act | Law that removed Cherokee and other tribes ot land in Oklahoma; Trail of Tears 1830
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| Andrew Jackson | Hero of War of 1812; president who was "common man"
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| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina threatened to secede over high tariffs in 1832
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| John C. Calhoun | Favored states' rights to determine tariffs and expand slavery
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| Sacagawea | Native American guide and translator for Lewis and Clark
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| Manifest Destiny | Belief that America had a God-given right to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
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| U.S.-Mexican War | War with Mexico caused by annexation of Texas and boundary issues
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) | ended the U.S.-Mexican War; U.S> pays Mexico $15 million for Mexican Cession (CA, AZ,NV,UT,CO,NM)
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| Gadsden Purchase (1853) | Land bought from Mexico in 1853 to build a Railroad
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| Gold Rush | Discovery of gold in California in 1849 led to rapid population growth
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| Texas Annexation (1845) | Texas becomes a state and enters as a slave state. Leads to war with Mexico.
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| Mormons | Religious group that moved west to avoid persecution. Ended up in Utah
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| Irish | Immigrated to American due to potato famine. Worked in factories in the North
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| Germans | Immigrants who brought Kindergarten, polka, sausage to American culture
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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anna.melton
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