Stack #212033
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| What are elements? | Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
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| What are the 4 main elements responsible for 96% mass of an organism? | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
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| what are 2 trace elements? | Copper, iodine
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| What is the smallest portion of an element? | Atom
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| Functions of elements:oxygen | cellular respiration
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| carbon | backbone of organic molecule
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| hydrogen | energy transfers, passed around in e- transfers
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| nitrogen | component of protein & nuclei acids, exists in chlorophyll(plants)
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| calcium | bones & teeth, aids in muscle contraction, boosts immune system, conducts nerve impulses, aids in blood clotting, plant cell wall
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| sodium | fluid balance, conduction of nerve impulses, photosynthesis
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| magnesium | needed in animals blood,activates many enzymes, chlorophyll
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| chlorine | water balance (-charged), photosynthesis
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| iron | component of hemoglobin, activates few enzymes
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| atomic # | number of protons
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| atomic mass | sum of protons & neutrons
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| isotopes | same element, different neutrons
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| what is a chemical bond? | atoms of a compound held together by forces of attraction
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| what is bond energy? | energy necessary to break chemical bond
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| what is covalent bond | sharing electrons
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| covalent compound | compound of mainly covalent bonds
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| ionic bond | attraction between positive charge of cation and negative charge of anion
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| ionic compound | anions and cations bonded together by their opposite charges
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| ion | atom that has lost or gained electrons
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| cation | positive ion
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| anion | negative ion
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| polyatomic ion | group of covalently bonded atoms
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| water % | 70% of humans total body weight, 85% brain cells, 20% bones
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| cohesion | water molecules stick to each other
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| adhesion | ability to stick to many kinds of substances
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| potential energy | resting energy
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| kinetic energy | energy in motion - speeding molecules up
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| heat | total kinetic energy
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| temperature | average kinetic energy
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| ionize | potential of water to dissociate into hydrogen ions(H+) and hydroxide ions(OH-)
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| acid | yields hydrogen ions(H+)& anion
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| base | yields hydroxide ions(OH-) & cation
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| pH | degree of solution's acidity (neutral 7, acid <7, base >7)
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| buffer | resists changes in pH when acid/base added
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| salt formation | a strong acid & a strong base will yield a salt in water
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| electolytes | ions that conduct electrical current
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| nonelectrolytes | sugars, alcohols, other substances that do not form electrolytes
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| carbohydrates | immediate energy source - sugars, starches, cellulose (monosaccharides, hexoses, glucose, disaccharide, polysaccharide, starch)
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| lipids | fats - long-term energy storage - soluable in nonpolar solvents, insoluble in water (triaglycerol, glycerol, fatty acid, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid,phospholipids, carotenoids, steroid, protaglandins, van der waaals interactions)
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| Van der Waals interactions | weak attractions that occur
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| prostaglandins | promote inflammation and smooth muscle contraction
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| proteins | macromolecules(large/complex)of amino acids joined by peptide bonds (enzymes, amino acids)
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| nucleic acids | transmit heredity information and determine what protein a cell manufactures (DNA/RNA)
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| 3 major pyrimidine bases | cytosine, thymine(DNA), uracil(RNA)
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| 2 major purine bases | adenine, guanine
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| what are cells | the basic living unit of organization, smallest unit of life
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| prokaryote | no nucleus(bacteria)
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| eukaryote | at least 1 nucleus 1 part of life
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| 3 different components of eukaryotic cell | plasma membrane, cytoplasm w/organelles, nucleus w/nucleolus
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| plasma membrane | outside layer of cell, regulates what goes in and comes out of cell, selectively permeable
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| cytoplasm | plasma membrane and cell contents outside of nucleus
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| organelles | within cytoplasm
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| Ribosomes | most numerous of organelles, site of protein synthesis
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Created by:
banksm341
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