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Literary Devices

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Term
Definition
Short Story   a story with a fully developed theme, but shorter than a novel  
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Plot   sequence of events in a story  
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Setting   the time and place a story occurs  
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Exposition   introductory information that gives important background into the story  
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Rising Action   the series of events that lead to the climax of the story  
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Climax   the dramatic high of the story  
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Falling Action   the part after the climax where loose ends of the story are tied up  
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Resolution   the part of the story where the problem is resolved or worked out  
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Conflict   The problem  
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man vs. self   an argument or decision-making process within a character’s mind  
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man vs. nature   the character is challenged by an aspect of nature, such as a storm or an unfriendly environment  
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man vs. man   when a character struggles with another character  
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man vs. society   the character is not in agreement with the written or unwritten rules/laws of his community  
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Characterization   the method a writer uses to reveal the personality of a character in a literary work  
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Dynamic   a character who undergoes an important change  
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Static   a character who does not change throughout the story  
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Protagonist   the hero or main character in a piece of work  
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Antagonist   the person or force who struggles with the protagonist  
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Point of view   The person who tells the story and how it is told  
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First person   where a story is narrated by one character at a time, speaking for and about themselves. It means writing from the “I” point of view.  
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Third person   where a story is narrated from the omniscient (all-knowing) point of view. Here, the he-she form is used.  
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Theme   the message the author is trying to send about life or human nature Imagery: writing that involves one or more of the five senses (hearing, taste, touch, smell, sight). The author paints a picture using a word or group of words.  
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Suspense   a feeling of growing tension and excitement  
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Flashback   referring to an event which took place before the beginning of the story  
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Foreshadowing   a method used to build suspense by providing hints of what’s to come  
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Allusion   a brief reference to a person, place, or event in literature or history  
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Irony   when the opposite of what’s expected happens  
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Symbol   anything that stands for something else  
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Dialogue   a conversation in a piece of literature  
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Analogy   a comparison made to show such a similarity  
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Metaphor   a comparison that shows how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar to another without using “like” or “as”  
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Simile   a comparison that shows how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar to another...using “like” or “as”  
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Personification   when something non-human is given human characteristics  
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Hyperbole   an extreme exaggeration  
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Euphemism   a gentler term used in place of a more offensive one  
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Pun   a word which has two meanings at the same time, often resulting in humor  
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Epic Poem   a long narrative poem telling of a hero’s deeds (narrative = story)  
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Tragedy   A drama in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances  
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