VUS.15a,15d,15e
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| In what 3 ways has the U.S. Supreme Court played an important role in recent years? | 1) Defining a constitutional right to privacy
2) Supporting equal rights
3) Upholding the rule of law
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| Who was the 1st African-American to serve on the Supreme Court? | Thurgood Marshall
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| Who was the 1st woman to serve on the Supreme Court? | Sandra Day O’Connor
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| Who was the 2nd African-American to serve on the Supreme Court? | Clarence Thomas
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| Who was the 2nd woman to serve on the Supreme Court? | Ruth Bader Ginsburg
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| How have Supreme Court decisions affected individual rights since the 1954 Brown decision? | Expanded individual rights
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| What movement served as a model for other groups to work for civil rights and equal justice? | Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s
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| How have the federal courts protected employment opportunities for American women? | 1) 1964 Civil Rights Act
2) Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
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| What is the Supreme Court’s most famous right to privacy decision? | Roe v. Wade
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| How did the Supreme Court rule in Roe v. Wade? | Said that women have the right to get an abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy
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| What was the constitutional basis of the Roe v. Wade decision? | State laws making abortion a crime violated the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment.
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| According to Roe v. Wade, what does the 14th Amendment’s Due Process clause protect? | 1) Protects the right to privacy against state action
2) Protects a woman’s right to end her pregnancy
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| What is federalism? | Power sharing between the federal government and the states
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| What was Ronald Reagan’s political philosophy (ideas)? | 1) Conservative
2) Was against the federal government taking away power from the states
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| What was 1 result of the “Reagan Revolution”? | The idea that the size and power of the federal government was too big
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| What kinds of things did the “Reagan Revolution” support? | 1) Cut taxes
2) Move power from the federal government to the states
3) Appoint federal judges who believed in “judicial restraint”
4) Reduce the number of government programs and regulations
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| What did President Reagan want to do? | 1) Reduce the size and power of the federal government
2) Turn over federal government decisions to state governments or private citizens
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| What was Reagan’s belief about national defense? | National defense was one of the main duties of the federal government.
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| What was Reagan’s position on military spending? | Increase it
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| What are 4 economic indicators used by the federal government to make decisions about economic policy? | 1) Gross Domestic Policy (GDP)
2) Exchange rates
3) Inflation
4) Unemployment rates
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| What is GDP? | The market value of the goods and services produced by a country
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| What 2 types of policy does the federal government use to encourage a healthy economy? | 1) Monetary policy
2) Fiscal policy
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| What is America’s central bank? | Federal Reserve
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| Who controls monetary policy? | Federal Reserve
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| What is monetary policy? | Federal Reserve actions to influence the availability of money and credit for individuals and business groups
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| What action does the Federal Reserve take if it believes the American economy is slowing down? | Cuts interest rates
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| What is inflation? | When prices increase and the dollar buys less
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| What does the Federal Reserve do if it believes the American economy is overheating and thereby causing inflation? | Raises interest rates
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| What is fiscal policy? | Federal government taxing and spending actions which influence consumer demand and business activity
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| Who controls fiscal policy? | The President and Congress
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| Under fiscal policy, what may Congress and the President do if the economy is slowing down? | 1) Cut taxes
2) Increase federal spending
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| Under fiscal policy, what may Congress and the President do if they believe the economy is overheating and thereby causing inflation? | 1) Increase taxes
2) Cut federal spending
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