8th Grade US History - 1st Semester Review
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| What year was the first permanent English settlement founded? | 1607
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| When was the Declaration of Independence signed? | July 4, 1776
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| What document was signed in 1215 and limited the power of the king? | Magna Carta
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| What document was written in 1689 that gave power to Parliament and listed the rights of English citizens? | English Bill of Rights
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| What was the first representative assembly in North America? | Virginia House of Burgesses
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| What was the first example of self-government in North America? | Mayflower Compact
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| What was the first written Constitution in North America? | Fundamental Order of Connecticut
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| What was the name of the rejected plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that would unite the colonies under one Government? | Albany Plan of Union
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| What did the Proclamation of 1763 say? | colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian mountains
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| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What is the name of the document that ended the American Revolution and made the Mississippi River the western boundary of the United States? | Treaty of Paris 1783
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| What is the name of the first written Constitution in the U.S. that had many weaknesses? | Articles of Confederation
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| What is the name of the document written in 1787 that established the U.S. government and divided it into three branches? | U.S. Constitution
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| What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called? | Bill of Rights
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| What was the name of the series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison? | Federalist Papers
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| Why were the essays (by Hamilton, Jay & Madison) written? | to persuade colonists to ratify the constitution
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| What did the Northwest Ordinance do? | made a system for territories to apply for statehood
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| The period of religious enthusiasm in the American colonies is referred to as what? | Great Awakening
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| What was the event where 5 American citizens were shot and killed by British soldiers in March, 1770? It was also used as propaganda. | Shay's Rebellion
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| This happened when colonists dressed as Native Americans and dumped tea into Boston Harbor? | Boston Tea Party
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| What act prompted the colonists to dump tea into Boston Harbor? | Intolerable Acts
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| What was the pamphlet written to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain? | Common Sense
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| Who wrote the pamphlet written to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain? | Thomas Paine
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| What body governed the colonies after independence had been declared? | Articles of Confederation
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| This occurred when farmers were arrested for not paying their debt? It also highlighted the weaknesses of the AOC. | Shay's Rebellion
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| The purpose of this event was to make changes to the AOC. | Constitutional Convention
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| Where was the event held which was to make changes to the AOC? | Philadelphia
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| 2nd Continental Congress sent this to King George III as a last attempt at peace. King George angrily rejected the offer. | Olive Branch Petition
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| Which act led to the 3rd Amendment in the Bill of Rights? | Quartering Act
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| What was the name of the agreement that created two houses of Congress? One would be based on population and the other would have equal representation. | Great Compromise
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| What agreement was made during the Constitutional Convention determining the representation of slaves? | 3/5 Compromise
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| What did the agreement made during the Constitutional Convention determining the representation of slaves say? | slaves counted as 3/5 a person when determining representation
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| What was the war that was fought between the French and British over control of North America? | French and Indian War
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| Where were the first shots of the American Revolution fired? | Lexington and Concord
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| What was the first official battle of the American Revolution? | Battle of Bunker Hill
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| What battle is considered the turning point of the Revolution? | Saratoga
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| What was the final battle of the American Revolution? | Yorktown
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| Who was the man who saved Jamestown by implementing the "work or starve" rule? | John Smith
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| Who is the man who made Jamestown prosperous by growing tobacco and married Pocahontas which helped relations with the Native Americans? | John Rolfe
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| Who founded Pennsylvania? | William Penn
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| Why was Pennsylvania founded? | for religious freedom by the Quakers
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| Who believed in the separation of church and state and founded a colony after being kicked out of Massachusetts? | Roger Williams
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| What colony did he (who believed in separation of church & state and founded this colony after being kicked out of Massachusetts) establish? | Rhode Island
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| Who is the woman that was kicked out of Massachusetts for saying God spoke directly to her? | Anne Hutchison
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| Who founded Georgia? | James Oglethorpe
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| Why was Georgia founded? | debtors
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| Who founded Maryland? | Lord Baltimore
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| Why was Maryland founded? |
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| Who started the Sons of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence? | Samuel Adams
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| Who was the British monarch during the American Revolution? | King George III
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| Who wrote Common Sense and The Crisis? | Thomas Paine
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| Who was the commander of the Continental Army and the first president of the U.S.? | George Washington
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| Who was the author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What is the name of the French man who believed in the Patriot cause and became a close friend to George Washington? | Marquis de Lafayette
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| Who is the Prussian who helped train the Patriots at Valley Forge? | Frederich von Steuben
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| Who was the British general that surrendered at Yorktown? | Lord Charles Cornwallis
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| This man was an American naval hero and is famous for his words, "I have not yet begun to fight." | John Paul Jones
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| Patriot from Virginia who famously said, "Give me liberty or give me death!" | Patrick Henry
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| Who proposed the Albany Plan and was also an inventor and diplomat? | Benjamin Franklin
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| Who is known as the Father of the Constitution? | James Madison
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| What type of government has people elect representatives to make laws on their behalf? | representative
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| What is the document that outlines our government? | U.S. Constitution
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| People in government positions being subject to the same laws as other citizens is referred to as what? | limited government
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| What is the term used for the idea that political power rests with the people? | popular sovereignty
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| What are the rights that all citizens possess called? | individual rights
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| The term used to refer to people electing representatives to make laws for them. | republicanism
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| This refers to the sharing of power between the state and national government. | federalism
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| What policy do we have in effect where each branch of government can check the other two to ensure that no branch becomes too powerful? | checks and balances
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| The principle of the Constitution that states that each branch of government has a specific function. | separation of powers
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| What are the 3 branches and their functions? | legislative - make laws
executive - interpret laws
judicial - execute the laws
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| The Supreme Court has the power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional. What is this called? | judicial review
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| What was the name of the plan that called for equal representation for all states in Congress? | New Jersey Plan
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| What was the name of the plan that called for representation in Congress to be based on population? | Virginia Plan
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| What came about as a combination of these two plans? | Great Compromise
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| What is the introduction to the Constitution called? | Preamble
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| What did the 13th Amendment do? | abolished slavery
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| What did the 14th Amendment do? | former slaves granted citizenship
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| What did the 15th Amendment do? | suffrage for black men
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| What were the people known as who supported ratification of the Constitution? | federalists
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| What were the people known as that were against ratification? | anti-federalists
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| What did they want before they would ratify the Constitution? | Bill of Rights
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| A business funded by a group of people who make an investment and share in profits and losses. | joint stock company
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| The belief that a colony exists to benefit the mother Country financially. | mercantilism
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| Businesses compete for consumers who are free to decide where to purchase goods and the government has little control. | free enterprise
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| Trade route that existed between the 13 colonies, Africa, and the West Indies for the trade of rum, sugar and slaves. | Triangular Trade
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| A person who receives passage to North America in exchange for work. | indentured servants
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| Large farm that grew cash crops and was farmed by slaves. | plantation
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| crops grown to sell | cash crop
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| Tax placed on goods coming into a country. | tariff
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| A tariff placed on foreign goods to protect domestic industry. | protective tariff
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| People who wanted to "purify" the Church of England. | Puritans
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| People who wanted to separate from the Church of England. | Seperarists
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| A change to the Constitution. | amendments
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| To officially accept or approve by vote. | ratify
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| Rights that all people have that cannot be taken away. | unalienable rights
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| What does the term tyranny mean? | over powerful
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| List 3 principles of the Constitution that protect us from tyranny. | separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism
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| 13 colonies and be able to label on map | NH, MA, RI, CT, NY, PA, DL, NJ, MD, VA, NC, SC, GA
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| Know the 3 colonial regions and what colonies made up each one. | New England, Middle Colony, Southern Colony
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| What colony was Jamestown located in? | Virginia
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| What was the slogan that became the cry of the colonists after the various acts were passed? | "no taxation without representation"
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| What group did Samuel Adams form to protest these acts? | Sons of Liberty
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| Loyalist | colonist who sided with Britain during American Revolution
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| Patriot | American colonist who fought for independence from Britain during the Revolutionary War
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| Where did you find the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?" | Declaration of Independence
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| British advantages & disadvantages during the American Revolution | + more money & resources
+ powerful military: British navy was most powerful in world
+ soldiers = trained professionals
- British had to deal with hostile citizens
- Had to ship supplies across Atlantic Ocean
- Not fighting for cause they cared for
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| American advantages & disadvantages during the American Revolution | + support from citizens
+ fighting for cause they believed in
+ Washington was very good commander
- no navy
- poorly trained soldiers (local militia)
- they never fought together
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| Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered the turning point of the Revolution? | It was the greatest win so far in the war. It boosted morale and increased foreign support for patriots.
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| Primary source | Comes from someone who actually experienced the situation.
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| Secondary source | Comes from someone who had not actually experienced the situation but just read or heard about it.
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