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8thGrHistory-SemRev
8th Grade US History - 1st Semester Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What year was the first permanent English settlement founded? | 1607 |
| When was the Declaration of Independence signed? | July 4, 1776 |
| What document was signed in 1215 and limited the power of the king? | Magna Carta |
| What document was written in 1689 that gave power to Parliament and listed the rights of English citizens? | English Bill of Rights |
| What was the first representative assembly in North America? | Virginia House of Burgesses |
| What was the first example of self-government in North America? | Mayflower Compact |
| What was the first written Constitution in North America? | Fundamental Order of Connecticut |
| What was the name of the rejected plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that would unite the colonies under one Government? | Albany Plan of Union |
| What did the Proclamation of 1763 say? | colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian mountains |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What is the name of the document that ended the American Revolution and made the Mississippi River the western boundary of the United States? | Treaty of Paris 1783 |
| What is the name of the first written Constitution in the U.S. that had many weaknesses? | Articles of Confederation |
| What is the name of the document written in 1787 that established the U.S. government and divided it into three branches? | U.S. Constitution |
| What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called? | Bill of Rights |
| What was the name of the series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison? | Federalist Papers |
| Why were the essays (by Hamilton, Jay & Madison) written? | to persuade colonists to ratify the constitution |
| What did the Northwest Ordinance do? | made a system for territories to apply for statehood |
| The period of religious enthusiasm in the American colonies is referred to as what? | Great Awakening |
| What was the event where 5 American citizens were shot and killed by British soldiers in March, 1770? It was also used as propaganda. | Shay's Rebellion |
| This happened when colonists dressed as Native Americans and dumped tea into Boston Harbor? | Boston Tea Party |
| What act prompted the colonists to dump tea into Boston Harbor? | Intolerable Acts |
| What was the pamphlet written to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain? | Common Sense |
| Who wrote the pamphlet written to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain? | Thomas Paine |
| What body governed the colonies after independence had been declared? | Articles of Confederation |
| This occurred when farmers were arrested for not paying their debt? It also highlighted the weaknesses of the AOC. | Shay's Rebellion |
| The purpose of this event was to make changes to the AOC. | Constitutional Convention |
| Where was the event held which was to make changes to the AOC? | Philadelphia |
| 2nd Continental Congress sent this to King George III as a last attempt at peace. King George angrily rejected the offer. | Olive Branch Petition |
| Which act led to the 3rd Amendment in the Bill of Rights? | Quartering Act |
| What was the name of the agreement that created two houses of Congress? One would be based on population and the other would have equal representation. | Great Compromise |
| What agreement was made during the Constitutional Convention determining the representation of slaves? | 3/5 Compromise |
| What did the agreement made during the Constitutional Convention determining the representation of slaves say? | slaves counted as 3/5 a person when determining representation |
| What was the war that was fought between the French and British over control of North America? | French and Indian War |
| Where were the first shots of the American Revolution fired? | Lexington and Concord |
| What was the first official battle of the American Revolution? | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| What battle is considered the turning point of the Revolution? | Saratoga |
| What was the final battle of the American Revolution? | Yorktown |
| Who was the man who saved Jamestown by implementing the "work or starve" rule? | John Smith |
| Who is the man who made Jamestown prosperous by growing tobacco and married Pocahontas which helped relations with the Native Americans? | John Rolfe |
| Who founded Pennsylvania? | William Penn |
| Why was Pennsylvania founded? | for religious freedom by the Quakers |
| Who believed in the separation of church and state and founded a colony after being kicked out of Massachusetts? | Roger Williams |
| What colony did he (who believed in separation of church & state and founded this colony after being kicked out of Massachusetts) establish? | Rhode Island |
| Who is the woman that was kicked out of Massachusetts for saying God spoke directly to her? | Anne Hutchison |
| Who founded Georgia? | James Oglethorpe |
| Why was Georgia founded? | debtors |
| Who founded Maryland? | Lord Baltimore |
| Why was Maryland founded? | |
| Who started the Sons of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence? | Samuel Adams |
| Who was the British monarch during the American Revolution? | King George III |
| Who wrote Common Sense and The Crisis? | Thomas Paine |
| Who was the commander of the Continental Army and the first president of the U.S.? | George Washington |
| Who was the author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What is the name of the French man who believed in the Patriot cause and became a close friend to George Washington? | Marquis de Lafayette |
| Who is the Prussian who helped train the Patriots at Valley Forge? | Frederich von Steuben |
| Who was the British general that surrendered at Yorktown? | Lord Charles Cornwallis |
| This man was an American naval hero and is famous for his words, "I have not yet begun to fight." | John Paul Jones |
| Patriot from Virginia who famously said, "Give me liberty or give me death!" | Patrick Henry |
| Who proposed the Albany Plan and was also an inventor and diplomat? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Who is known as the Father of the Constitution? | James Madison |
| What type of government has people elect representatives to make laws on their behalf? | representative |
| What is the document that outlines our government? | U.S. Constitution |
| People in government positions being subject to the same laws as other citizens is referred to as what? | limited government |
| What is the term used for the idea that political power rests with the people? | popular sovereignty |
| What are the rights that all citizens possess called? | individual rights |
| The term used to refer to people electing representatives to make laws for them. | republicanism |
| This refers to the sharing of power between the state and national government. | federalism |
| What policy do we have in effect where each branch of government can check the other two to ensure that no branch becomes too powerful? | checks and balances |
| The principle of the Constitution that states that each branch of government has a specific function. | separation of powers |
| What are the 3 branches and their functions? | legislative - make laws executive - interpret laws judicial - execute the laws |
| The Supreme Court has the power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional. What is this called? | judicial review |
| What was the name of the plan that called for equal representation for all states in Congress? | New Jersey Plan |
| What was the name of the plan that called for representation in Congress to be based on population? | Virginia Plan |
| What came about as a combination of these two plans? | Great Compromise |
| What is the introduction to the Constitution called? | Preamble |
| What did the 13th Amendment do? | abolished slavery |
| What did the 14th Amendment do? | former slaves granted citizenship |
| What did the 15th Amendment do? | suffrage for black men |
| What were the people known as who supported ratification of the Constitution? | federalists |
| What were the people known as that were against ratification? | anti-federalists |
| What did they want before they would ratify the Constitution? | Bill of Rights |
| A business funded by a group of people who make an investment and share in profits and losses. | joint stock company |
| The belief that a colony exists to benefit the mother Country financially. | mercantilism |
| Businesses compete for consumers who are free to decide where to purchase goods and the government has little control. | free enterprise |
| Trade route that existed between the 13 colonies, Africa, and the West Indies for the trade of rum, sugar and slaves. | Triangular Trade |
| A person who receives passage to North America in exchange for work. | indentured servants |
| Large farm that grew cash crops and was farmed by slaves. | plantation |
| crops grown to sell | cash crop |
| Tax placed on goods coming into a country. | tariff |
| A tariff placed on foreign goods to protect domestic industry. | protective tariff |
| People who wanted to "purify" the Church of England. | Puritans |
| People who wanted to separate from the Church of England. | Seperarists |
| A change to the Constitution. | amendments |
| To officially accept or approve by vote. | ratify |
| Rights that all people have that cannot be taken away. | unalienable rights |
| What does the term tyranny mean? | over powerful |
| List 3 principles of the Constitution that protect us from tyranny. | separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism |
| 13 colonies and be able to label on map | NH, MA, RI, CT, NY, PA, DL, NJ, MD, VA, NC, SC, GA |
| Know the 3 colonial regions and what colonies made up each one. | New England, Middle Colony, Southern Colony |
| What colony was Jamestown located in? | Virginia |
| What was the slogan that became the cry of the colonists after the various acts were passed? | "no taxation without representation" |
| What group did Samuel Adams form to protest these acts? | Sons of Liberty |
| Loyalist | colonist who sided with Britain during American Revolution |
| Patriot | American colonist who fought for independence from Britain during the Revolutionary War |
| Where did you find the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?" | Declaration of Independence |
| British advantages & disadvantages during the American Revolution | + more money & resources + powerful military: British navy was most powerful in world + soldiers = trained professionals - British had to deal with hostile citizens - Had to ship supplies across Atlantic Ocean - Not fighting for cause they cared for |
| American advantages & disadvantages during the American Revolution | + support from citizens + fighting for cause they believed in + Washington was very good commander - no navy - poorly trained soldiers (local militia) - they never fought together |
| Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered the turning point of the Revolution? | It was the greatest win so far in the war. It boosted morale and increased foreign support for patriots. |
| Primary source | Comes from someone who actually experienced the situation. |
| Secondary source | Comes from someone who had not actually experienced the situation but just read or heard about it. |
Created by:
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