AP History 8&9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Mercenary | A professional soldier who serves in foreign army for pay. (Americans called the European mercenaries Hessians)
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| Indictment | A formal written accusation charging someone with a crime.
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| Dictatorship | A form of government characterized by absolute state power and unlimited, arbitrary control by the ruler of rulers.
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| Neutral | A nation or person not taking sides in a war. (Many colonists were apathetic or neutral, around 1/3 of colonies, didn't really care about the independence.)
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| Civilian | A citizen not in military service.
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| Traitor | One who betrays a country by aiding an enemy.
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| Confiscate | To seize private property for public use.
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| Envoy | Messenger or agent sent by a government on official business. (Benjamin Franklin sent to Paris as an envoy)
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| Rabble | A mass of disorderly and crude common people.
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| Blockade | Isolation of a place by hostile ships or troops. (French had powerful fleets, in position to jeopardize Britain's blockade and lines of supply)
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| Privateer | Private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime.
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| Graft | Taking advantage of one's official position to gain money or property by illegal means.
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| Disestablish | Separate an official state church from its connections w/ the government. (Protestant Episcopal Church)
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| Emancipation | Setting free from slavery. (Northern states provided for the emancipation of blacks)
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| Chattel | An article of personal or movable property (term applied to slaves since they were considered property of their owners)
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| Abolitionist | Advocate for the end of slavery.
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| Ratification | Official confirmation of a provisional governing document by authoritative approval. (Massachusetts submitted the final draft directly to the people for ratification)
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| Bill of Rights | Document guaranteeing certain fundamental freedoms assumed to be central to society.
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| Speculators | Buy property, goods, or financial instruments in anticipation of profitable resale after rise in value.
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| Township | Unit of local gov. that is often based on survey units.
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| Territory | In American gov., an organized political entity not yet enjoying full and equal status of the state.
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| Annex | Incorporate smaller territory or political unit into a larger one.
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| Requisition | Demand for something issued on the basis of public authority.
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| Foreclosure | Seizing private property from the owner because legal payments have not been kept up. (Rev. War Veterans were losing their farms through foreclosures)
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| Quorum | Minimum # of people who must be present in group before it can conduct business.
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| Anarchy | Theory that formal government is unnecessary.
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| Bicameral | Two houses in legislative body.
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| Unicameral | One house in legislative body.
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| Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams, attempted to get rights for women to participate in Revolution.
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| Declaration of Independence | Formally approved by congress on July 4, 1776. Formal separation from British rule. Inspiration to revolutionary movement against arbitrary authority.
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| Great Compromise | Agreement between small & large states, defined legislative structure and representation.
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| Loyalist | Colonists loyal to the king; Tories
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| Commander of French troops | Rochambeau
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| Treaty of Ft. Stanwix | 1st treaty between American and Indians, forced Indians to cede most of their land.
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| Federalists | Supported Constitution, believed in strong federal government
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| Anti-Federalist | Feared constitution, believed it took away rights and wanted strong state government.
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| Battles in Chronological Order | Battle of Lexington & Concord-1775
Battle of Bunker Hill-1775
Battle of Trenton--1776
Battle of Brandywine--77
Battle of Germantown--77
Battle of Saratoga--77
Battle of Monmouth--78
Battle of Kings Mountain--81
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| Constitution | Establish rights and liberties of American people. 3 branches of government with system of checks and balances. Distribution of power between Fed. Government and states.
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| Second Continental Congress | May 10, 1775; No well defined sentiment for independence, hope King and Parliament would consent to grievances. Raise $ to create Army and Navy. British and Americans on brink of warfare.
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| Shay's Rebellion | 1786, Rebellion of debtor farmers (rev. war veterans), lead by Daniel Shays against Boston Creditors, demanded paper money.
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| Patrick Henry | Give me liberty or give me death; development of Bill of Rights
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| Thomas Paine | common sense, radical idea that colonies should set up independent republic from England.
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| James Madison | Father of Constitution
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| Thomas Jefferson | House of Burgesses, Dec. of Ind., ambassador to France
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| John Jay | Negotiate Treaty of Paris w/ Great Britain--ending Revolution
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| Land Ordinance of 1785 | Old N.W land should be sold and proceeds used to pay off national debt. Dividing townships six miles square, then into 36 sections.
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| Patriots | young footloose American rebels, Whigs
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| Yorktown | Cornwallis; await seaborne supplies and reinforcement, surrendered entire force on Oct. 19, 1781
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| Slavery Issues | No states s. of Penn. abolished slavery, harsh discrimination against freed, laws against interracial marriage.
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| NJ Plan | Equal representation regardless of size. Small state plan
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| VA Plan | Representation based on population. Large state plan.
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| Nathanael Greene | Cleared S. Carolina and GA of British troops. Retreating and chasing tactic.
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| The Federalist | Essays commenting on Constitution; Hamilton, John Jay, Madison.
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| Body that chose Washington commander of Continental Army. | Continental Congress
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| British colony that Americans invaded in 1775 w/ hopes of adding to the rebellious 13. | Canada
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| Pamphlet that demanded independence. | Common Sense
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| Henry Lee's official resolution passed by Congress on | July 2, 1776
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| 1 of Washington's most brilliant military victories, surprised British and Hessians day after Xmas, 1776 | Battle of Trenton
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| Penn. Valley where Washington's army starved and froze in winter of 1777-78 | Valley Forge
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| River Valley that was focus of Britain's early military strategy, Burgoynes surrender. | Hudson Valley
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| Self-denying document drafted by Congress in 1776, guide American diplomacy to only commercial relations. | Model Treaty
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| Legalized pirates, more than a thousand strong, inflicted heavy damage on British shipping. | Privateers
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| Key American fort on the Hudson River, Benedict Arnold attempted to hand over to the British. | West Point
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| Idea that American women had special responsibility to cultivate civic virtue | Republican Motherhood
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| Assembly for drawing up fundamental law that was superior to ordinary law. | Constitutional Convention
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| 1st Constitutional gov. of US | Articles of Confederation
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| Failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of mobocracy. | Shays Rebellion
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| Compromise between N and S that resulted in slaves being counted at 60% of a free person. | 3/5 compromise
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