Obstetrics and Gynecology
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| Abortion | spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable age
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| adenomyosis | benign invasive growth of endometrial tissue into the myometrium
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| Bartholin glands | two small glands located at the opening of the vagina
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| blastocyte | group of cells in early gestation that will form an embryo
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| coitus | sexual intercourse
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| colposcopy | examination of vaginal and cervical tissues of the vagina and cervix
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| conception | time at which an ovum is fertilized
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| dilation | increase in size
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| effacement | thinning of the cervix during labor
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| endometrium | mucous membrane that lines the uterus
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| episiotomy | incision made into the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby
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| estrogen | hormone that stimulates female characteristics
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| fetus | term used to describe a developing human in utero from 9 weeks' gestation (after embryonic stage) until birth
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| fundus | area of the uterus above the openings to the Fallopian tubes
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| gestation | time from conception to birth
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| gravidity | total number of pregnancies
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| hormone | chemical substance released from a gland or organ
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| lactation | process in which a mother produces milk for her new born infant
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| mammary glands | milk producing glands in a female
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| menarche | age of first menstruation
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| menopause | permanent cessation of menstruation, usually occurring between ages 38 to 58
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| menstruation | female cycle of producing and expelling the unfertilized ovum
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| neonate | newborn from birth to one month of age
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| ovaries | glands that produce ova the cells from the female necessary for procreation
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| papanicolaou test | test used to detect cancer of cervical cells
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| perineum | area between the vaginal opening and the anus
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| placenta | uterine structure that is connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord and fro, which the fetus obtains nourishment and oxygen
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| postpartum | time from birth up to 6 weeks
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| prenatal | time of gestation before birth
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| progesterone | hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy
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| prolactin | hormone that stimulates breast development and production of milk
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| zygote | fertilized ovum
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| amniocentesis | transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix
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| colpoptosis | prolapse of the vagina
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| galactopoiesis | milk production
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| gynecology | study of diseases of the female reproductive system and the breasts
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| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus
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| mammography | radiographic imaging of the breast
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| mastectomy | surgical removal of the breast
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| oophorectomy | excision of an ovary
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| ovariotubal | concerning the ovary and the oviducts
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| perinoplasty | reparative surgery on the perineum
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| salpingocele | hernia of the Fallopian tube
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| vaginaplexy | repair of a relaxed or prolapsed vagina
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| antepartum | period of pregnancy between conception and onset of labor
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| dysmenorrhea | pain associated with menstruation
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| multipara | woman who has delivered more than one viable infant
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| postmenopausal | time period after the permanent cessation of menstruation
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| precoital | prior to sexual intercourse
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| primagravida | woman during her first pregnancy
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| nulligravida | a woman who has never conceived a child
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| unipara | a woman who has had one pregnancy to 20 weeks or longer
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| amenorrhea | abnormal absence of menstruation
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| pyosalpinx | pus in the Fallopian tube
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| dystocia | difficult or painful childbirth
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| adenomyosis | benign invasive growth of endometrial tissue into myometrium
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| eclampsia | disorder of pregnancy marked by hypertension, convulsions, and coma
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| endometriosis | growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, commonly on adjacent organs
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| fibroids | benign uterine tumors
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| gestational diabetes | diabetes mellitus that occurs during pregnancy
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| menorrhagia | menstrual bleeding that is excessive in amount of blood and number of days of menstruation
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| placenta previa | condition in which the placenta is located over the cervical opening to the vagina
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| preeclampsia | condiation during pregnancy characaerized by increasing blood pressure, protienuria, and edema
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| uterine prolapse | protrusion of the uterus through the vagina
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| sexually transmitted disease | infection that spreads by sexual contact
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| C- section | cesarean section
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| D&C | dilatation and curettage
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| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone
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| GYN | gynecology
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| IUD | intrauterine device
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| IVF | in vitro fertilization
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| LH | leutinizing hormone
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| LMP | last menstrual period
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| OB-GYN | obstetrics and gynecology
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| OC | oral contraceptive
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| pap test | papanicolaou test
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| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| STI | sexually transmitted infection
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| TAH | total abdominal hysterectomy
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| TAH-BSO | total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
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| what is another name for candidiasis | yeast infection
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| what are five causes of candidiasis | antibiotics, oral contraceptives, diabetes, tight clothing, and steroids
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| what are some symptoms of candidiasis | white, pruritis vaginal discharge, burning with urination,
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| list three medications that treat candidiasis | diflucan, gyne-lotrimon, and monistat
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| how is candidiasis diagnosed | a wet prep
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| where are the bartholin glands located | in each lateral wall of the vagina
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| how are bartholin gland cyst treated | a warm compress or it can be lanced
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| ehy is chlamydia considered the silent std | up to 75% of females are asymptomatic
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| how is chlamydia treated | antibiotics for a minimum of one week
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| what other infections are women with chlamydia more susceptible to | HIV
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| what causes genital herpes | herpes simplex virus II
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| what are some symptoms of genital herpes | local pain, itching, burning, dysuria, tingling that leads to a rash
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| can genital herpes be cured | there is no cure
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| when is herpes likely to be transmitted | during an outbreak
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| what is the danger to the fetus if the mother has genital herpes | resp. illness, retinal infection, encephalitis, or death
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| what organism causes genital warts | HPV
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| how are genital warts treated | topical podophyllin or laser surgery
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| what type of cancer do genital warts increase the risk for | cervical cancer
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| who is at highest risk for gonorrhea | sexually active teens
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| what are the symptoms of gonorrhea | greenish/ yellow discharge from the cervix
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| what co-infection is present in 30% of people with gonorrhea | chlamydia
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| who most commonly gets syphilis | teens, young adults, illicit drug abusers, and HIV+
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| stage 1 of syphilis | ulcers
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| stage 2 of syphilis | wide spread body rash
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| stage 3 of syphilis | aortic damage
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| what are the symptoms of AIDS | fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, oral ulcerations, dyspnea, dysphagia, anorexia, pneumonia, diarrhea, weight loss, and confusion
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| what is the survival rate of AIDS with out treatment | 9-11 years
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| how is AIDS spread | person to person contact
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| what are the symptoms of trichomoniasis | frothy white or yellow vaginal discharge with a characteristic foul odor
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| what microorganism causes trichomoniasis | trichomonas vaginalis
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| what type of cancer does trichomoniasis increase the risk for | cervical cancer
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| what does dysmenorrhea cause | ppain in the liwer abdominal and pelvic areas
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| list four causes for dysmenorrhea | hormonal imbalance, endometiaosis, uterine fibroids, PID
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| what can you advise Pts with dysmenorrhea to avoid | caffeine and alcohol
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| what are the characteristics of PCOS | irregular ovulation, excessive male hormones,
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| how is PCOS diagnosed | blood test
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| how are ovarian cysts and PCOS treated | oral contraceptives
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| what is endometriosis | growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
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| how is endometriosis diagnosed | visual examination
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| what are the main symptoms of endometriosis | pain that starts 5-6 days before menstruation until 3-4 days after menstruation
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| what is the main complication of endometriosis | impaired fertility
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| what is pelvic inflammatory disease AKA PID | any acute or chronic infection of the female reproductive system
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| what is the most common cause of PID | gonorrhea and chlamydia
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| what are a few common symptoms of PID | discharge, odor, fever, malaise, lower abdominal pain
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| what are fibroids | smooth tumors made of muscle and fat
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| what symptoms can uterine fibroids cause | menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea
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| what are some four causes of uterine prolapse | age, weakening of the musculature, pelvic tumors, and straining
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| how is uterine prolapse diagnosed | examination
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| how is uterine prolapse treated | uteropexy
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| what is an ectopic pregnancy | implantation of a fertilized egg in other places other than the uterus
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| what are the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy | sharp pain, fever, and bleeding
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| how is ectopic pregnancy treated | surgery
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| what is another name for a spontaneous abortion | miscarriage
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| what is done if a spontaneous abortion is incomplete | a D&C
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| how often do spontaneous abortion occur in first pregnancy | 30% of all first pregnancies
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| who is most at risk for developing gestational diabetes | women over 25, overweight, and a family history
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| what is the treatment for gestational diabetes | cal. restriction, exercise, possibly insulin
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| waht is the risk for the baby of a mom with gestational diabetes | macrosomia
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| what is the risk for the mom (who suffers from gestational diabetes) later on in life | 50% chance of diabetes
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| what increases the risk of placenta previa | women over 35, previous uterine surgery, increased parity
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| what are some symptoms of placenta previa | slight hemorrhage w/ recurrent severity in the 7th or 8th month
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| how is abruptio placentae diagnosed | pt reports painless bleeding in 3rd trimester
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| what happens to the fetus in grade 3 abruptio | death
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| what are some symptoms of eclampsia | hypertension, protienuria, and edema
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| how is eclampsia treated | treatment is directed towards managing seizures and monitoring blood pressure
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| what kind of damage can occur due to eclampsia | damage to the placenta and organ damage
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| what are some symptoms of breast cancer | breast mass, nipple discharge, and nodules
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| what are some risk factors of breast cancer | BRCA-1 or 2, early menstruation, late menopause, and first kid after 35 yrs old
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| what is the relationship between cervical cancer and human papilloma virus | HPV can cause cervical cancer
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| what are the risk factors for cervical cancer | tobacco, early age intercourse, multiple partners, herpes, more than one pregnancy
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| what test is used to to detect cervical cancer | pap test
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| what are the symptoms of uterine cancer | bleeding in post menopausal Pt., yellow watery discharge w/ foul odor, cramping or pressure in the abdomen or pelvis
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| what is the most common treatment for uterine cancer | total hysterectomy
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| why do many patients not get diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the early stage | vague symptoms
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| what are the late symptoms of ovarian cancer | build up of fluid in the abdomen, shortness of breath, dry persistent cough, nausea, vomiting, abdominal tumors, weight loss
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| how common is infertility | 20% of all couples
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| how effective is treatment for infertility | 38%
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| what is fibrocystic breast disease | presence of multiple lumps in the breast
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| how is fibrocystic breast disease diagnosed | manual breast exam
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| what dietary changes may help with fibrocystic breast disease | reduce caffeine and dietary fat
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| does fibrocystic breast disease increase the risk of breast cancer | no
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| what is included in an obstetric history | LMP, birth control, last pap, BSE
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| during the initial OB visit what tests and measurements will the clinical medical assistant perform | cbc, va, rubella, rpr, blood type with rh, pap test, std screening
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| during prenatal visits the clinical medical assistant assists the doctor to do which measurements | weight, vital signs, fundal height, fetal heart rate
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| what should a breast feeding mother increase in her diet | carbs, proteins, fatty acids and fluids
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| what happens when a new born begins to breathe | cord is cut, infant inhales, CO2 in the infants blood rises to stimulate the resp. center of the brain
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| what is included in taking a menstrual history | age at menarche, if regular, amount and duration, urinary symptoms, pain, discharge, breast health, last pap, sex history, number of pregnancies, LMP, meds.
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| what does a cma do to assist the doctor | assist Pt. into position and hand the physician whatever they need
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| what is cryosurgery and why is it performed | uses extreme cold to destroy cancerous cells
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