Respiratory Question
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| Where does the conducting portion of the respiratory system begin? | at the entrance to the nasal cavity
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| Respiratory surfaces of the nasal cavity are cleared by mucus produced by the respiratory mucosa and produced in the paranasal sinuses of which bones? | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary
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| Posterior support to the larynx is provided by which of the following? | the cricoid cartilage
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| Why are children's voices high-pitched? | The larynx is smaller with slender, short vocal cords.
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| Through which parts of the pharynx do food and drink normally pass during ingestion? | oropharynx and laryngopharynx only
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| Where do terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles? | within a lobule
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| Each lung contains about how many alveoli? | 150 million
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| What cells are known as dust cells? | alveolar macrophages
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| Which portion of both lungs has grooves that mark the passage of large blood vessels and indentations of the pericardium? | mediastinal surface
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| Surfactant, which prevents alveolar collapse, is produced by which cells? | septal cells (pneumocytes type II)
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| The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is the | The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is the
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| Blood in the veins of the pulmonary circuit has a relatively high partial pressure of ________ and relatively low partial pressure of ________. | O2, CO2
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| At which point does thoracic cavity volume decrease and pressure inside rise? | during exhalation
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| Which of the following is not a component of vital capacity? | residual volume
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| Which muscles act to lower the rib cage? | internal intercostals and rectus abdominis
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| Which of the following gases has the lowest partial pressure in inhaled air? | Carbon Dioxide
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| Nearly all the oxygen in the blood is carried | attached to iron atoms in the heme units of hemoglobin.
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| What happens to the majority of carbon dioxide molecules in plasma? | They are diffused into erythrocytes
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| Which of the following statements is true regarding internal respiration? | Diffusion between the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid decreases the pO2 of blood and increases its pCO2
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| What occurs when the pH of interstitial fluid declines? | Hemoglobin molecules release their bound oxygen molecules more readily.
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| If peripheral tissue becomes more active, | pO2 falls and pCO2 rises
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| In which of the following is an expiratory center found? | in the ventral respiratory group
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| Which of the following factors will reduce the respiratory rate? | decreased body temperature
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| Which system transports carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions, which helps the buffering capability of blood against pH changes? | cardiovascular system
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| Which of the following statements is true regarding chemoreceptors? | Aortic bodies are sensitive to pH, pCO2, and pO2 in arterial blood.
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| Which of the following statements regarding gas transport is true? | Erythrocytes take up dissolved O2 and CO2 from plasma and either bind them or manufacture soluble compounds.
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