Important Documents in American History
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| Magna Carta | (1215) English agreement that guaranteed certain rights to all Englishmen; influenced the American Bill of Rights’ protection of individual rights.
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| English Bill of Rights | (1689) English agreement that guaranteed certain rights to all Englishmen; influenced the American Bill of Rights’ protections of individual rights.
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| Mayflower Compact | (1620) Signed by many Pilgrims on their way to New World; they agreed to create a new government and follow its laws; helped establish the idea of self-government.
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| Common Sense | (1776) Influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine; it urged Americans to declare their independence.
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| Declaration of Independence | (July 4, 1776) Written by Thomas Jefferson; announced the separation of the colonies from England.
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| Articles of Confederation | (1781-1789) First U.S. government; it was eventually a failure because it created a national government that was too weak. It was later replaced by the U.S. Constitution.
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| Constitution | (written in 1787) Blueprint for the American government.
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| The Federalist Papers | (1787-1788) Series of essays about the nature of government by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay; written to help get the Constitution ratified.
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| Bill of Rights | (adopted in 1791) First 10 amendments of the Constitution; guarantees individual rights.
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| George Washington’s Farewell Address | (1796) Given at his retirement from public life; he urged America to always remain neutral toward other countries.
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| Monroe Doctrine | (1823) Presidential message that said that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of Latin America and the U.S. would not interfere with European affairs.
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| South Carolina Exposition and Protest | (1829) Written by John C. Calhoun; outlined the doctrine of nullification, which was a statement for state’s rights.
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| The Liberator | (1831-1865) Newspaper printed by William Lloyd Garrison; most influential antislavery periodical in U.S. history; it increased sectionalism between North and South.
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| Lincoln’s First Inaugural | (1861) Lincoln said North would defend federal property in the South.
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| Emancipation Proclamation | (Jan. 1, 1863) Executive order give by Abraham Lincoln; it freed the slaves in the Confederacy.
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| Gettysburg Address | (1863) Famous speech given by Abraham Lincoln; it said that the Union was worth fighting for at any cost.
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| Lincoln’s Second Inaugural | (1865) Lincoln said Civil War was about slavery and that the Union was fighting to end slavery.
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