vital signs
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| during initial screening pt should be observed for the following | appearance, odor, gait, level of awareness,emotional state
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| patient intake should include | chief complaint(CC); patient hx; height and weight; VS
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| values that are obtained through measuring | mensuration
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| mensuration values include | height, weight, circumference, vital signs
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| BMI | body mass index
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| BMI less than 18.5 is | underweight
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| BMI greater than 30 is | obese
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| standard VS are considered | temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure (TPR and BP)
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| what is considered to be the 5th VS? | pain
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| VS provide an overall picture of the patients | general state of health
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| temperature regulator of the body | hypothalmus
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| structures that help regulate body temperature | blood vessels, skin, neuromuscular system
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| to be without a fever | afebrile
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| with fever | febrile
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| temperature in early morning has a tendency to be | lower
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| temperature in evening has a tendency to be | higher
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| normal value 98.6 and most common method for temp | oral
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| normal value 97.6 least accurate | axillary
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| normal value 99.6, most reliable and core temp | rectal
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| normal value 99.6 | temporal artery
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| factors that affect accuracy of the oral temp | eating, drinking, smoking, dental issues, sinus congestion, unconsciousness, lack of understanding
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| temporary elevation of body temperature | fever
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| low grade fever starts at | 100.4
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| causes of fever include | infection, injury, neoplasm,connective tissue disease
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| pulse points | temporal; carotid; apical; brachial;radial; femoral; popliteal; posterior tibial; dorsalis pedis
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| pulse on side of head | temporal artery
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| pulse on side of neck | carotid artery
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| pulse found in antecubital space used for blood pressure | brachial artery
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| pulse on inner side of wrist, most common used | radial artery
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| pulse found in groin | femoral artery
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| pulse found behind the knee | popliteal artery
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| pulse found behind the ankle | posterior tibial artery
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| pulse found on top of foot | dorsalis pedis
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| factors affecting pulse rate | gender, level of fitness; emotional state, pregnancy, fever, medications, increase activity
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| rapid heart rate over 100bpm | tachycardia
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| slow heart rate under 60bpm | bradycardia
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| refers to amount of blood being discharged from the heart | strength or volume
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| refers to the interval timing between measured beats | rhythm
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| a regular pulse is counted for how long and then multiplied times 2? | 30 seconds
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| and irregular pulse should be counted for | 1 minute
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| if you cannot palpate a radial pulse you should do a | apical pulse
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| the apical pulse can be heard at | the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line over the apex of the heart
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| process of inspiration and expiration | respiration
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| respiration is controlled by the | medulla oblongata
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| factors that affect respiration | physical activity, emotional state, medications, age, infectious states
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| difficult or labored breathing | dyspnea
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| rapid shallow breathing | tachypnea
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| rapid deep breathing | hyperpnea
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| hyperpnea is also known as | hyperventilation
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| measurement of the amount of force exerted on arterial walls as the hearts ventricles contract and relax | blood pressure
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| phase where ventricles contract creating the greatest force against arterial walls | systole
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| phase where ventricles relax and have the least amount of pressure against arterial walls | diastole
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| always recorded as the top number of blood pressure | systolic
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| always recorded as the bottom number of blood pressure | diastolic
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| the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure | pulse pressure
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| sounds heard during blood pressure measurement | Korotkoff sounds
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| Korotkoff sounds include | tapping, swishing, knocking, muffling, silence
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| normal BP for adults | <120/80
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| elevated or controlled HTN | 130/90
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| stage 1 hypertension | 130-139/ 80-89
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| stage 2 hypertension | >140/90
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| measurement of amount of arterial oxygen saturation in the blood | pulse oximetery
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| oxygen saturation that requires intervention | less than 95%(94% and below)
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| normal resp rate for newborns | 30-60/min
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| normal resp rate for adults | 12-16/min
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| normal pulse for athletes | less than 60bpm
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| normal pulse for adults(>10yrs) | 60-100bpm
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| period of silence between phase one and phase two of korotkoff sounds | ausculatory gap
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| numeric difference between the apical pulse and radial pulse | pulse deficit; may indicate an arrhythmia
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| easier breathing while sitting or standing | orthopnea
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| blood pressure that drops with a change in position, usually from lying to standing | orthostatic hypotension
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| elevated blood pressure | hypertension
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| low blood pressure | hypotension
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| normal HR for newborns | 140-160bpm
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| normal BP for newborns | 60-70/30-40
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| normal HR for children 3-10yrs | 60-120bpm
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| normal RR for children age 3-10yrs | 18-30/min
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| normal BP for children 3-10yrs | 80-120/40-80
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| deep breathing followed by periods of apnea; usually preceeds death | Cheyne-Stokes breathing
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| irregural and unpredictable breathing pattern indicating brain damage | Ataxic breathing
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| wet sounding breath sounds usually heard with CHF or pneumonia | rales
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| course or snore like breath sounds usually heard with bronchitis or an URI | rhonchi
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| high pitched whistle like breath sound usually heard with asthma and COPD | wheezing
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| barky seal like sound associated with croup | stridor
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| creaking crackle sounds usually indicating inflammation of the pleural mambreanes | pleural rub
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| piece of equipment that actually measures the BP | sphygmomanometer
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| T 100.4-101 | low grade fever
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| T101-103 | moderate fever
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| T 103-105 | high grade fever
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| T >105 | hyperpyrexia
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| antipyretics | ibuprofen and acetaminophen
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| hypertensive crisis | >180/120
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