CHAPTER 8 NOTES
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.) | Educator and political advisor
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| Confucian ideas | moral and ethical in character use to restore political and social order
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| Ren | a sense of humanity, kindness, benevolence
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| Li | a sense of propriety, courtesy, respect, deference to elders
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| Xiao | filial piety, familial obligation
Cultivate personal morality and junzi for bringing order to China
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| Mencius (372-289 B.C.E.) | a spokesman for the Confucian school that believed in the goodness of human nature (ren) and Advocated government by benevolence and humanity
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| Xunzi (298-238 B.C.E.) | he had a less positive view of human nature and
believed that humans selfishly pursue own interests
and preferred harsh social discipline to bring order to society and to
advocated moral education and good public behavior
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| Daoism | featured prominent critics of Confucian activism
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| Laozi | founder of Daoism, allegedly wrote the Daodejing (Classic of the Way and of Virtue)
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| The Dao | the way of nature, the way of the cosmospassive and yielding,ambition and activism had only brought the world to chaos
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| Legalism | doctrine of practical and efficient statecraft,no concern with ethics ,morality,and with the principles
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| Shang Yang (ca. 390-338 B.C.E.) | chief minister of Qin and Legalist writer
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| Han Feizi (ca. 280-233 B.C.E.) | synthesized Legalist ideas in essays
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| Legalist doctrine | the strength was in agriculture and military force, and discouraged commerce, education, and the arts ,
Called for harsh penalties even for minor infractions,etc.
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| Qin dynasty | located in west China, adopted Legalist policies , agriculture was a strong economy ,had a powerful army and conquered other states and unified China in 221 B.C.E
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| Qin Shihuangdi the first emperor of Qin | Established centralized imperial rule
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| The collapse of the Qin dynasty | Waves of rebels overwhelmed the Qin court in 207 B.C.E.
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| Han dynasty | adopted Legalist policies,burrocracy ,production of iron and salt,agriculture,trade ,taxes,etc.
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| Han imperial expansion | Invaded and colonized northern Vietnam and Korea
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| Productivity and prosperity | Iron metallurgy: farming tools, utensils, and weapons,Silk textiles,Paper production,Population growth,Patriarchal social structure,
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| Economic and social difficulties | Raised taxes and confiscated land of some wealthy individuals and Taxes and land confiscations discouraged investment in manufacture and trade
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| later Han dynasty (25-220 C.E.) | revolt due to problems of land distribution
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| Collapse of the Han | Factions at court paralyzed the central government and China was divided into regional kingdoms
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