Special considerations in athletes
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| heat stress | the inability of the body to maintain homeostasis because of high temperatures
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| homeostasis | a state of balance within the body
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| hyperthermia | a condition in which the body temperature rises above normal
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| hypothalamus | the temperature-regulating center of the brain
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| thermoregulation | the process by which body temperature is maintained
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| heat index | a reference point indicating the risk associated with outdoor exercise; based on a combination of air temperature and relative humidity
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| dehydration | occurs when the body loses too much fluid and the body isn't taking that much in (losing more than we're getting back)
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| How much fluid does an average person lose a day? | 3-6 Liters
1-2 Liters during vigorous exercise per hour
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| sunburn | injury to the skin from the sun's rays (UV light)
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| heat cramps | painful, involuntary muscles spasms caused by exposure to heat and dehydration
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| heat syncope | fainting that occurs when the body attempts to cool itself by dilating the blood vessels
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| heat exhaustion | the mildest form of generalized heat-related illness, characterized by multiple symptoms and often by dehydration
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| heatstroke | a life-threatening form of heat illness that involves a rise in body temperature and altered mental status
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| What body loses heat in how many ways? | 5
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| respiration | when you breathe out (exhale)
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| evaporation | the loss of heat through perspiration (we sweat it then evaporated and we can cool down... liquid turns into a gas)
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| conduction | the loss of heat through transfer to a cooler object (sitting on a cold chair)
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| radiation | the loss of heat through the transfer of infrared rays into the cooler environment (football player takes off helmet)
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| convection | heat loss through air currents passing by a warm surface (clothing)
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| wind chill | the rate of heat loss from the human body resulting from the combined effect of cold temperature and wind
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| hypothermia | a condition in which the body temperature drops below normal
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| core body temperature | 98.6 is the body temperature necessary to maintain homeostasis
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| frostbite | damage to skin tissue and blood vessels due to prolonged exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees
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| How many stages of frostbite? | 3 stages
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| acne mecahnica | a form of acne that results from heat, pressure, occlusion, and friction
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| plantar warts | small, hard growths on the bottom of the foot
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| Herpes Gladiatorum is seen in what sport most? | wrestling
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| Herpes Gladiatorum | a type of herpes infection commonly seen in wrestlers
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| tinea pedis | a fungal infection that thrives in warmth and dampness; often referred to as "athletes foot" or "ringworm"
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| tinea cruris | a fungal infection found in the groin area; often referred to as "jock itch"
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| diabetes | a disease in which the body doesn't produce insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin for the body to properly absorb glucose
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| insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas; necessary for glucose absorption
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| pancreas | an organ, located near the stomach, that produces insulin
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| beta cells | the cells responsible for making insulin
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| insulin reaction | the body's response to excess insulin; the level of sugar in the blood decreases, causing brain cells to suffer
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| diabetic coma | a condition in which there is too much sugar and too little insulin in the blood, resulting in body cells receiving inadequate nourishment
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| seizure | a sudden attack or convulsion due to involuntary electrical activity in the brain
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| epilepsy | a condition in which seizures occur regularly throughout the affected person's life
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| simple partial seizure | a type of seizure in which a jerking motion begins in one part of the body; the victim remains awake and aware
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| generalized tonic-clonic seizure | a type of seizure characterized by a sudden cry and fall, rigidity, jerking of muscles, shallow breathing, and loss of bladder and bowel control. This usually lasts for a couple of minutes
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| local reaction | pain, swelling, redness, itching, and formation of a weal at the site of an insect bite or sting
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| systemic reaction | a generalized reaction to an insect string or bite, characterized by flushing of the skin and an itchy rash; more serious symptoms such as wheezing, nausea, vomiting, palpation's, and faintness can also occur
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| epinephrine | a medication that dilates the airway and constricts the blood vessels
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| EpiPen | an auto-injecting device used to administer epinephrine to those with severe allergic reactions
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| female athlete triad | a disorder that affects female athletes; characterized by disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
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| amenorrhea | lack of a menstrual flow
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| osteoporosis | bone loss
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