Special considerations in athletes
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| heat stress | the inability of the body to maintain homeostasis because of high temperatures | ||||
| homeostasis | a state of balance within the body | ||||
| hyperthermia | a condition in which the body temperature rises above normal | ||||
| hypothalamus | the temperature-regulating center of the brain | ||||
| thermoregulation | the process by which body temperature is maintained | ||||
| heat index | a reference point indicating the risk associated with outdoor exercise; based on a combination of air temperature and relative humidity | ||||
| dehydration | occurs when the body loses too much fluid and the body isn't taking that much in (losing more than we're getting back) | ||||
| How much fluid does an average person lose a day? | 3-6 Liters 1-2 Liters during vigorous exercise per hour | ||||
| sunburn | injury to the skin from the sun's rays (UV light) | ||||
| heat cramps | painful, involuntary muscles spasms caused by exposure to heat and dehydration | ||||
| heat syncope | fainting that occurs when the body attempts to cool itself by dilating the blood vessels | ||||
| heat exhaustion | the mildest form of generalized heat-related illness, characterized by multiple symptoms and often by dehydration | ||||
| heatstroke | a life-threatening form of heat illness that involves a rise in body temperature and altered mental status | ||||
| What body loses heat in how many ways? | 5 | ||||
| respiration | when you breathe out (exhale) | ||||
| evaporation | the loss of heat through perspiration (we sweat it then evaporated and we can cool down... liquid turns into a gas) | ||||
| conduction | the loss of heat through transfer to a cooler object (sitting on a cold chair) | ||||
| radiation | the loss of heat through the transfer of infrared rays into the cooler environment (football player takes off helmet) | ||||
| convection | heat loss through air currents passing by a warm surface (clothing) | ||||
| wind chill | the rate of heat loss from the human body resulting from the combined effect of cold temperature and wind | ||||
| hypothermia | a condition in which the body temperature drops below normal | ||||
| core body temperature | 98.6 is the body temperature necessary to maintain homeostasis | ||||
| frostbite | damage to skin tissue and blood vessels due to prolonged exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees | ||||
| How many stages of frostbite? | 3 stages | ||||
| acne mecahnica | a form of acne that results from heat, pressure, occlusion, and friction | ||||
| plantar warts | small, hard growths on the bottom of the foot | ||||
| Herpes Gladiatorum is seen in what sport most? | wrestling | ||||
| Herpes Gladiatorum | a type of herpes infection commonly seen in wrestlers | ||||
| tinea pedis | a fungal infection that thrives in warmth and dampness; often referred to as "athletes foot" or "ringworm" | ||||
| tinea cruris | a fungal infection found in the groin area; often referred to as "jock itch" | ||||
| diabetes | a disease in which the body doesn't produce insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin for the body to properly absorb glucose | ||||
| insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas; necessary for glucose absorption | ||||
| pancreas | an organ, located near the stomach, that produces insulin | ||||
| beta cells | the cells responsible for making insulin | ||||
| insulin reaction | the body's response to excess insulin; the level of sugar in the blood decreases, causing brain cells to suffer | ||||
| diabetic coma | a condition in which there is too much sugar and too little insulin in the blood, resulting in body cells receiving inadequate nourishment | ||||
| seizure | a sudden attack or convulsion due to involuntary electrical activity in the brain | ||||
| epilepsy | a condition in which seizures occur regularly throughout the affected person's life | ||||
| simple partial seizure | a type of seizure in which a jerking motion begins in one part of the body; the victim remains awake and aware | ||||
| generalized tonic-clonic seizure | a type of seizure characterized by a sudden cry and fall, rigidity, jerking of muscles, shallow breathing, and loss of bladder and bowel control. This usually lasts for a couple of minutes | ||||
| local reaction | pain, swelling, redness, itching, and formation of a weal at the site of an insect bite or sting | ||||
| systemic reaction | a generalized reaction to an insect string or bite, characterized by flushing of the skin and an itchy rash; more serious symptoms such as wheezing, nausea, vomiting, palpation's, and faintness can also occur | ||||
| epinephrine | a medication that dilates the airway and constricts the blood vessels | ||||
| EpiPen | an auto-injecting device used to administer epinephrine to those with severe allergic reactions | ||||
| female athlete triad | a disorder that affects female athletes; characterized by disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis | ||||
| amenorrhea | lack of a menstrual flow | ||||
| osteoporosis | bone loss |
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Created by:
allissacole