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NASM-CPT Chapter 4
Human Movement Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biomechanics | A study that uses principles of physics to quantitively study how forces interact within a living body |
| Superior | Positioned above a point of reference |
| Proximal | Positioned below a point of reference |
| Distal | Positioned nearest the center of the body, or pont of reference |
| Anterior | On the front of the body |
| Posterior (or dorsal) | On the back of the body |
| Medial | Positioned near the middle of the body |
| Lateral | Toward the outside of the body |
| Contralateral | Positioned on the opposite side of the body |
| Ipsillateral | Positioned on the same side of the body |
| Sagittal plane | An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right |
| Flexion | The bending of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to decreas |
| Extension | The straightening of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to increase. |
| Frontal plane | An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves |
| Abductioin | Movement of a body part away from the middle of the body |
| Adduction | Movement of a body part toward the middle of the body |
| Transverse plane | An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves |
| Internal rotation | Rotation of a jointtoward the middle of the body |
| External rotation | Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body |
| Eccentric contraction | The lengthening of a muscle |
| Isometric contraction | A muscle maintaining a certain length |
| Concentric contraction | The shortening of a muscle |
| Force | An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object |
| Length-tension relationship | The length at which a muscle can produce the greatest force |
| Force-couple | Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint |
| Rotary motion | Movement of the bones around the joints |
| Torque | A force that produces rotation |
| Motor behavior | The process of the body responding to internal and external stimuli |
| Motor control | The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences |
| Synergies | Groups of muscles thay are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement |
| ProprIoception | The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movrements |
| Sensorimotor integration | The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering information, interpreting, and executing movement. |
| Motor learning | Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a change in the ability to produce complex movements |
| Feedback | The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the kinetic chain in motor learning |
| Internal feedback | The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment |
| External feedback | Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment |
Created by:
annalisa7
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