WGU DAC1 Information Systems Management Competency 7
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| MIS infrastructure | includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets
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| hardware | physical devices associated with a computer system
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| software | the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks
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| network | a communication system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate
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| client | a computer designed to request information from a server
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| server | a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests
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| enterprise architect | a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and able to proved the important bridge between MIS and the business
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| information MIS infrastructure | identifies where and how important information, such as computer records, is maintained and secured
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| agile MIS infrastructure | includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provide the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals
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| sustainable MIS infrastructure | identifies ways that a company can grow in terms of computing resources while simultaneously becoming less dependent on hardware and energy consumption
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| backup | an exact copy of a system's information
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| recovery | the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup
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| fault tolerance | the ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service
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| failover | a type of fault tolerance that occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or backup server
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| failback | occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server
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| disaster recovery plan | a detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic disaster
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| hot site | a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business
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| cold site | a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after a disaster
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| warm site | a separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration
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| disaster recovery cost curve | charts (1) the cost to the company of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the company of recovering from a disaster over time
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| emergency | a sudden, unexpected event requiring immediate action due to potential threat to health and safety, the environment, or property
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| emergency preparedness | ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner
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| business continuity planning (BCP) | a plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption
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| Disaster Recovery Plan, Business Impact Analysis, Emergency Notification Services, Technology Recovery Strategies | Business Continuity Planning Focus Areas
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| business impact analysis | a process that identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them
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| emergency notification services | an infrastructure built for notifying people int eh event of an emergency
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| technology failure | occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage
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| incidents | unplanned interruption of a service
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| incident record | contains all of the details of an incident
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| incident management | the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected
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| technology recovery strategies | focus specifically on prioritizing the order for restoring hardware, software, and data across the organization that best meets business recovery requirements
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| Accessibility, Availability, Maintainability, Portability, Reliability, Scalability, Usability | Agile MIS Infrastructures Characteristics
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| accessibility | refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system
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| administrator access | unrestricted access to the entire system
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| web accessibility | people with disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities, can use the web
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| web accessibility initiative (WAI) | brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the web accessible to people with disabilities
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| availability | refers to the time frames when the system is operational
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| unavailable | when a system is not operating and cannot be used
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| high availability | occurs when a system is continuously operational at all times
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| maintainability / flexibility | refers to how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes
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| portability | refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems
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| reliability / accuracy | ensures all systems are functioning correctly and providing accurate information
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| vulnerability | a system weakness that can be exploited by a threat
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| scalability | refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands
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| performance | measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction
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| capacity | represents the maximum throughput a system can deliver
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| capacity planning | determine the future IT infrastructure requirement for new equipment and additional network capacity
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| usability | the degree to which a system is easy to learn, efficient, and satisfying to use
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| serviceability | how quickly a third party or vendor can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability
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| Moore's Law | refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months
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| sustainable, or "green", MIS | describes the manufacture, management, use, and disposal of information technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment, which is a critical part of a corporation's responsibility
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| corporate social responsibility | companies' acknowledged responsibility to society
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| increased electronic waste, increase energy consumption, increase carbon emissions | Pressures Driving Sustainable MIS Infrastructures
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| ewaste | old computer equipment, does not end up in a landfill, where the toxic substances it contains can leach into groundwater, among other problems
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| sustainable MIS disposal | refers to the safe disposal of IT assets at the end of their life cycle
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| energy consumption | the amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems
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| carbon emissions | includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems
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| Grid Computing, Virtualized Computing, Cloud Computing | Sustainable MIS Infrastructure Components
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| grid computing | an aggregation of geographically dispersed computing, storage, and network resources, coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher quality of service, better utilization, and easier access to data
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| smart grid | delivers electricity using two-way digital technology
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| virtualization | protected memory space created by the CPU allowing the computer to create virtual machines
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| system virtualization | the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines"), each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system
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| data center | a facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems
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| cloud computing | refers to resources and applications hosted remotely as a shared service over the Internet
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| multi-tenancy | a single instance of a system serves multiple customers
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| single-tenancy | each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system
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| cloud fabric | the software that makes the benefits of cloud computing possible, such as multi-tenancy
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| cloud fabric controller | an individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources, similar to server administrator at an individual company
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| on-demand self-service, broad network access, multi-tenancy, rapid elasticity, measured service | Benefits of Cloud Computing
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| utility computing | offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity
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| service oriented architecture (SOA) | supports organizational computing needs with utility-based computing concepts; a collection of services that communicate with each other, for example, passing data from one service to another
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| service | a business task
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| infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) | the delivery of computer hardware capability, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, as a service
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| dynamic scaling | means the MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on needed requirements
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| Software as a Service (SaaS) | a model of software deployment where an application is licensed for use as a service provided to customers on demand
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| Platform as a Service (PaaS) | supports the deployment of entire systems including the hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model
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| public cloud | promotes massive, global, industrywide applications offered to the general public
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| private cloud | serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer's premises or off the customer's premises
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| community cloud | serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations
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| hybrid cloud | includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enable data and application poratability
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| cloud bursting | when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and accesses the cloud when it needs to scale for peak load requirements, ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system crashes
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| project | a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result
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| metrics | measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals
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| critical success factors (CSFs) | a factor that is critical to an organization's success
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| key performance indicators (KPIs) | measures that are tied to business drivers
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| market share | calculated by dividing the firm's sales by the total market sales for the entire industry
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| return on investment (ROI) | indicates the earning power of a project and is measured by dividing the benefits of a project by the investment
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| best practices | the most successful solutions or problem-solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry
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| efficiency MIS metrics | measures the performance of the IT system itself including throughput, speed, and availability
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| effectiveness MIS metrics | measure the impact IT has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversion rates, and sell-through increases
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| benchmarks | baseline values the system seeks to attain
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| benchmarking | the process of continuously measuring system results, comparing these results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance
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| internal rate of return (IRR) | the rate at which the net present value of an investment equals zero
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| payback method | number of years to recoup the cost of an initiative based on projected annual net cash flow
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| break-even analysis | determine the volume of business required to make a profit at the current prices charged for the products or services
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| balance scorecard | a management system that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action
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| learning and growth, internal business process, customer, financial | Four Primary Perspectives of the Balance Scorecard
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| For Chapter 17 Terms, use Competency 6 stack | For Chapter 17 Terms, use Competency 6 stack
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