JAHKMLHS C5 Creating the Constitution
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| republic | a system of government in which the people elect representatives to make and carry out the laws
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| unicameral legislature | lawmaking body with only one house
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| bicameral legislature | lawmaking body with two houses
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| Articles of Confederation | original constitution for the union of states established a “firm league of friendship” between and among the 13 states
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| John Dickinson | suggested the colonies form a confederation among themselves before declaring independence from the Crown. He and others were put on a committee to draw up Articles of Confederation
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| federal | form of government in which a union of states recognizes the sovereignty of a central authority while retaining certain powers of government for themselves
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| Northwest Territory | name was given to the area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River
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| Land Ordinance of 1785 | specified a system for distributing the public lands of the Northwest Territory
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | This law provided government for the Northwest Territory based on Jefferson’s ideas.
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| Shays’ Rebellion | This uprising occurred as farmers took up arms to shut down the courts to block any foreclosure hearings.
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| Annapolis Convention | informal meeting of delegates from 5 states and chaired by John Dickinson which attempted to remedy those barriers that limited trade or commerce between the largely independent states under the Articles of Confederation
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| Annapolis Convention | This meeting's report asked support for a broader meeting to be held the next May in Philadelphia which led to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787.
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| Alexander Hamilton | proposed a British style of government at the Constitutional Convention
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| James Madison | This man, known as the “Father of the Constitution,” provided the basic blueprint for the Constitution
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| Virginia Plan | concept of government which was proposed by James Madison and consisted of three branches with a bicameral legislature
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| New Jersey Plan | concept of government that favored the small states by allowing one vote per state in the Senate
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| Great Compromise | allowed each state to have two votes in the Senate and created a House of Representatives that would give more power to more populous states
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| federalism | division of governing power between a central government and the state governments
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| Three-Fifths Compromise | This deal was made so that the Southern states would not reject the Constitution and be able to count their slaves for tax and representation purposes.
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| legislative branch | This part of the government is responsible for making the laws.
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| judicial branch | This part of the government determines whether laws are constitutional.
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| executive branch | This part of the government is responsible for carrying out the laws.
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| checks and balances | system incorporated in the Constitution that prevents one branch from becoming more powerful than the other two
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| delegated powers | duties given to the federal government by the states
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| reserved powers | duties and obligations of state government that the federal government cannot usurp
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| concurrent powers | duties that are those exercised independently in the same field of legislation by both federal and state governments, as in the case of the power to tax
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| Elastic Clause | allows the Government of the United States to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution"
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| electors | These are the people who actually elect a President. Currently, there are 538 of them.
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| veto | one of the checks that a President has over the legislature in that he can refuse to sign a bill and send it back to Congress
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| override | one of the checks that Congress has over the President. By a two-thirds vote in each chamber, Congress can pass a bill over the President’s objections
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| Roger Sherman | This man is given credit for leading the group that proposed the compromise between the large and small states over representation.
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| William Paterson | This man introduced the proposal that favored the small states by giving each state only one vote in the legislative body.
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| impeachment | This term refers to the act of bringing charges against a public official and the resulting trial of the charges.
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| ratification | the official approval of a new concept
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| Federalist | person who wanted to ratify the Constitutio
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| Antifederalist | a critic of the Constitution and viewed the Constitution as a retreat from liberty
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| The Federalist | a series of 85 essays that argued the benefits of ratifying the Constitution
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| John Jay | This man, together with James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, wrote essays that argued that the separation of powers would prevent the concentration of power in any one branch.
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| Bill of Rights | This term refers to the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
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| popular sovereignty | This term means that the people are the only source of the government’s power.
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| limited government | This term suggests that the government has only the powers granted by the Constitution.
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| checks and balances | This system was designed to prevent any one of the three branched from becoming more powerful than the other two.
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| electoral college | group of persons chosen from each state who actually elect the President
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| Brutus | anti-federalist writers
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| Publius | Hamilton’s pseudonym for writing the Federalist papers
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| June 21, 1788 | official ratification of the Constitution when New Hampshire ratifies
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| May 25, 1787 | On this date 55 delegates from 12 states began meeting in Philadelphia to “revise the Articles of Confederation only.”
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