Adult Health II
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| show | <120 S---<80 D
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| pre-HTN BP range | show 🗑
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| HTN Stage 1 BP range | show 🗑
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| HTN Stage 2 BP range | show 🗑
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| what is peripheral vascular resistance? | show 🗑
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| what is a stroke volume? | show 🗑
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| what is the normal cardiac output range? | show 🗑
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| what is arteriosclerosis? | show 🗑
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| show | increased heart rate and increased blood volume
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| show | factors that increase blood viscosity (such as dehydration) and factors that decrease vessel diameter (such as caffenine, nicotine, meds)
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| what makes smoking a RF for HTN? | show 🗑
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| what race is at higher risk for HTN? | show 🗑
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| show | kidneys
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| show | renal vascular and parenchymal disease, primary aldosteronism, coarctation of the aorta. meds such as BC (estrogen), antihistamines, and erythropoetin
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| what are some common signs of HTN? | show 🗑
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| show | take a BP reading while pt supine or sitting, then 2 min later take while standing
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| show | a decrease in BP 20 S or 10 D when pt changes positions
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| show | hematuira, proteinuria, elevated BUN, and creatinine
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| show | chest x-ray
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| what diagnostic assessment shows left artial and left ventricular enlargement? | show 🗑
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| what is the Na restriction for HTN pt? | show 🗑
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| show | 25
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| show | less than 30% fat, less than 10% sat fat, and less than 300mg/day cholesterol
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| show | no more than 1 oz of ethanol daily= 2 oz liquor, 8 oz wine, 24 oz beer
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| what is suggested for exerise with HTN pt? | show 🗑
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| what are 3 types of diuretics? | show 🗑
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| what are 4 types of pharmacologic therapies for HTN? | show 🗑
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| what is the least potent diuretic? | show 🗑
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| show | they prevent Na and water reabsorption in the DISTAL TUBULES and promote K excretion---so basically they help get rid of water, Na, and K
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| show | hyponatriemia, hypovolemia, and hypokalemia
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| show | hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)--Esidrix/HydroDiuril AND Chlorothiazide-- Diuril
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| what is the strongest diuretic? | show 🗑
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| show | they depress Na reabsorption in ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE and promote K excretion---basically they get rid of water, Na, and K
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| what are pt taking a loop diuretic at risk for? | show 🗑
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| show | furosemide (Lasix) and Bumetamide (Bumex)
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| show | they act on DISTAL TUBULE to inhibit Na reabsorption in exchange for K, thereby retaining K---so basically they get rid of water and Na and keep K
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| show | hyponatremia, hypovolemia, and HYPERkalemia
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| what are 2 types of K-sparing diuretics? | show 🗑
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| what are the signs of hyponatremia and hypokalemia? | show 🗑
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| show | they interfere with transmembrane flux of Ca ions...so basically they block Ca from entering the tissue
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| show | vasdilation and decrease BP
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| show | VERY NICE DRUGS ALWAYS---verapamil (calan, calan-SR, lsoptin), dilitaizem (cardizem, cardizem-SR), nicardipine (cardene, cardene-SR), and amiodipine (novasc)
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| if taking Ca channel blocker Dilitiazem, avoid ____ and why? | show 🗑
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| what Ca channel blocker increases the effects of Digoxin? | show 🗑
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| show | Amlodipine (Norvasc)--use protective clothing
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| what do angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do? | show 🗑
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| what are 3 types of ACE inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| what is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| show | they block the binding of angiotensin II in the VASCULAR and ADRENAL tissues...so basically they prevent angiotensin from doing its job
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| what are 3 ARBS? | show 🗑
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| show | angioedema (caused by Candsarten and telmisarten and losarten can cause heart failure
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| show | ARBS and ACE
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| show | ARBS
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| show | they lower the BP by blocking aldosterone binding at the mineralocorticiod receptor site in teh kidney, heart, blood vessels, and brain...so basically receptors aren't recieving aldosterone therefore not holding in Na and water
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| what are the risks of taking aldosterone receptor antagonists? | show 🗑
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| what do beta blockers do? | show 🗑
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| what is a beta blocker drug? | show 🗑
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| show | cardioselective and non-cardioselective
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| show | cardiovascular---common with HTN
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| beta II is used for ___ | show 🗑
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| beta nonselective is used for ____ | show 🗑
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| show | fatigue, weakness, depression, sexual dysfunction all due to lack of O2
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| what do artieral baroreceptors do? | show 🗑
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| where are arterial baroreceptors found? | show 🗑
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| show | vagal nerve.....decrease in heart rate and vasodilation
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| show | arterial baroreceptor system
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| show | increase
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| show | increase dieresis and decrease BP-->this occurs if there is normal kidney function
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| show | renin
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| is a powerful vasoconstrictor which will increase BP levels | show 🗑
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| show | aldosterone
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| show | vascular autoregulation
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| what does essential HTN cause? | show 🗑
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