ABO
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| The most immunogenic of all the blood group antigens | ABO blood group antigens
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| Describe the physiological functions of ABO blood group antigens | Unknown
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| This ABO phenotype has been linked with stomach ulcers | Group O
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| Individuals with this blood type tend to have lower levels of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) | O
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| This ABO phenotype has been linked with gastric cancer | more common in group A individuals
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| most common ABO blood type in most populations | O
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| Antibody isotype for ABO antibodies | For type O = IgG; for A and B= IgM
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| Describe Antibody reactivity for ABO blood group antibodies | Capable of hemolysis
Anti-A and anti-B bind to RBCs and activate the complement cascade, which lyses the RBCs while they are still in the circulation (intravascular hemolysis).
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| Describe Transfusion reaction involving ABO antibodies | Typically causes an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
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| Describe severity of cases of Hemolytic disease of the newborn involving ABO system | No or mild disease
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| He discovered the first blood group system, ABO, and earned a Nobel Prize. | Austrian scientist, Karl Landsteiner
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| Describe the differences between A1 and A2 RBC phenotypes | A1 red cells express about 5 times more A antigen than A2 red cells
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| How/why do ABO antibodies occur? | ABO antibody production is stimulated when the immune system encounters the "missing" ABO blood group antigens in foods or in micro-organisms.
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| Immunodominant sugar for blood group A | N-acetylgalactosamine
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| Immunodominant sugar for blood group B | D-galactose
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| Are ABO antigens expressed on other tissues? | expressed on a wide variety of human tissues and are present on most epithelial and endothelial cells.
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| In individuals who are "secretors", a soluble form of the ABO blood group antigens is found in saliva and in all bodily fluids except for this. | CSF
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| ABO antibodies are of major clinical significance for two reasons: | they are naturally occurring and are found universally, and, they are highly reactive.
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| ABO related Hemolytic disease of the newborn tends to occur almost exclusively in moms with this blood type? Why? | Group O mothers with A or B baby because anti-A and anti-B formed in group O individuals tend to be of the IgG type (can cross placenta), whereas the anti-A and anti-B found in the serum of group B and A moms, is IgM
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| For A/B antigen synthesis to occur, a precursor called the_____ antigen must be present | H(FUT1)
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| In saliva and other bodily secretions, the enzyme that synthesizes the H antigen is encoded by the __locus (FUT2). | Se
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| The ABO locus is located on chromosome | The ABO locus is located on chromosome 9 at 9q34.1-q34.2.
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