A2 AQA Epoc fatigue obla and vo2max
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| Definition of VO2max? | “The maximum volume of oxygen that can be utilised or consumed by the working muscles per minute”
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| What type of activity will benefit from a high VO2 max? | Endurance event
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| Vo2 max dependes on two factors what are they | Effective oxygen delivery
Aerobic friendly structure
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| Name two tests for VO2 max? | Multi stage fitness
Cooper 12 min run
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| Name 3 physiological factors that contribute to a high VO2 max | High number of slow twitch fibres
High capillary density
High number of mitochondria
High blood volume & haemoglobin content
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| Factors that affect VO2 max | Age, gender,lifestyle, training,physiology, genetics, body composition
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| What is OBLA |
Onset of blood lactate accumulation
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| At what level is OBLA said to occur? | When blood lactate levels exceed 4mmol per litre of blood
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| Why does OBLA occur? | Because of an increase in exercise intensity & lactate production
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| How much is the normal level of blood lactate when not exercising? | 1-2mmol per litre of blood
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| OBLA is measured as a percentage of what? | VO2max
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| OBLA depends on what? | Aerobic fitness of athlete a highly trained individual can work at 85% of V02 max
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| How can you increase your OBLA level? | Through training relevant energy and muscle fibres and buffering
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| How much can our VO2 max be improved through training? | Up to 10-20% through aerobic training
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| Why does VO2 max increase through aerobic training? | Increase in max CO / increased SV, ejection fraction, cardiac hypertrophy / increased blood vol / increased myoglobin / increased no. & size of mitochondria
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| How can one person be fitter than another if they have the same VO2max? | If they have a higher OBLA level i.e. 75% of Vo2 max compared to 55%. They would be able to work at a higher intensity for longer
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| What does EPOC stand for? | Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
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| What are the two stages? | Fast replenishment and slow replenishment
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| Name three causes of fatigue during exercise? | Reduced rate of ATP resynthesis/Dehydration/Glycogen depletion/Reduced levels of calcium/accumulation of H+ions/reduced levels of acetylcholine
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| What happens during the slow replenishment stage? | Removal of lactic acid / maintenance of heart rate and respiratory rate /replenishment of glycogen stores / elevated body temp
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| What is an oxygen deficit? | The volume of oxygen required to complete the exercise aerobically
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| How long is the fast replenishment stage? | Usually complete within 2-3 minutes
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| What is recovery? | The return of the body to its pre exercise state.
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| When can you recover from exercise? | The return of the body to its pre exercise state.
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| How long can the slow replenishment stage last? | Up to two hours
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| What happens during the fast replenishment stage? | Re-saturation of myoglobin and resynthesis of ATP PCr
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| When can you recover from exercise? | When there is sufficient oxygen available
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