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Languages - AP Human Geography, Chapter 5, Rubenstein

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Term
Definition
Creole   A language that results from mixing a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated  
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Dialect   A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronounciation  
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Ebonics   A dialect spoken by some African Americans  
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Extinct language   A language that was once used in daily activities but is no longer used  
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Isogloss   A boundary between regions where different dialects predominate  
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Isolated language   A language that is unrelated to any other language and therefore not attached to any language family  
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Language branch   A collection of languages related by a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago, derived from the same family  
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Language family   A collection of languages related by a common ancestor long before recorded history  
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Language group   A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display few differences in grammar and vocabulary  
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Lingua franca   A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people with different native languages  
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Literary tradition   A language that is written as well as spoken  
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Logogram   A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound  
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Official language   The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents  
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Pidgin language   A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communication between speakers of two different languages  
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Received Pronunciation (RP)   The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in London and now considered the standard of the UK  
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Standard language   The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications  
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Vulgar Latin   A form of Latin used in conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect used in official documents  
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