Basic Sciences
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| The heart is an organ made up of a specialized type of muscle called | The Myocardium (cardiac muscle)
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| what is the property called when muscle has the ablitly to contract on its own without stimulation by nerves.? | automaticity
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| How many chambers in the heart | 4
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| what are the most superior two chambers of the heart called | atria (singular is atrium)
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| the two chambers below the atria are the ? | Ventricles
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| which is larger in size , the atria or the ventricles? | Ventricles
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| which chamber of the heart is the thicker and more powerful than the others/ | the Left Venticle (it pumps blood to the entire body)
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| the right side of the heart has what kind of blood? | Deoxygenated bright red blood
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| the right atrium receives blood from what three sources? | above-superior vena cava
below-inferior vena cava
blood from the veins of the heart itself -coronary sinus.
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| All vessels leading away from the heart are called? | Arteris
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| All vessels leading to the heart are called ? | Veins
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| what vessel does the blood travel through to get to the lungs? | the pulmomary artery
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| the Pulmonary artery is the only artery with what? | Oxygen depleated blood
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| the blood picks up what in the lungs | Oxygen
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| Oxygen returns from the lungs to the heart via what four veins? | Pulmonary veins
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| What part of the heart does the pulmonary veins lead to | left atrium.
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| where does the blood go after entering the left atrium? | through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
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| During the left venticle contraction, the blood is pumped with the greatest force through the______valve into a very large artery called the _________ and is distributed to the rest of the body via___________circulation. | aortic
aorta
peripheral
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| blood flows in how many directions? | 1
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| heart murmur is what? | back flow or turbulence (mvp-mitral valve prolapse)
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| ischemia is? | when the heart cells are weakened but not killed due to reduced oxygen supply
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| Angina pectoris means? | "chest Pains"
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| Myocardial infarction is also called what? | heart attack
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| what is the name of the smallest veins? | venules
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| what is the name of the smallest arteries? | capillaries
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| what is the main difference between veins and arteries? | Arteries have much thicker walls to handle the pressure of the blood flow in them.
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| vasoconstriction is? | when the artery constricts and gets smaller
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| vasodilation is? | arteries relax and the size increases
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| the pressure of the blood when the heart is pumping is called | Systolic
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| the pressure of the blood when the heart is at rest is called | Diastolic
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| what is the normal cardiac cycle | also called heartrate ... the normal rate is 60-100 bmp
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| accidental arterial puncture produces what type of blood | bright red pulsatile blood
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| venipuncture results in what type of blood | steady flow of dark blood
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| what are the veins on the back of the hand called | dorsal venous plexus
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| what is phlebitis | an inflammation of the vein
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| what is the pharynx | the space between the nose and the trachea
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| what are the three regions of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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| where is the laryngopharynx located | directly behind the larynx (or voice box)
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| another name for the trachea | windpipe
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| what is the diaphragm | a dome shaped muscle that separates the ches cavity form the abdominal cavity.
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| what is the most important muscle in inspiration. | diaphragm
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| what is the oxygen capacity? | How much oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin
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| what is the normal adult respiration rate? | 12-16 respiration per minute at rest
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| where are the islets located | pancreas
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| what do the islets of langerhans do? | secrete insulin and glucagon
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| where are the adrenal glands located? | top of each kidney
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| where is the thyroid gland located. | anterior neck
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| what is the largest organ in the body? | the liver
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| what is the function of the kidneys? | maintain the volume and composition of body fluids.
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| in the autonomic nervous system what is A (alpha) | vascoconstrictors
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| in the autonomic ner vouse system what is B (beta) | "big organs"
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| Beta 1= | Heart
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| Beta 2= | lungs
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