MCAT Physics Ch. 11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Scientific Method | Series of 8 steps for the generation of new knowledge
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| Initial Steps Of Scientific Method | Generate a testable question, gather data and resources, and form a hypothesis
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| Intermediate Steps Of Scientific Method | Collect new data, analyze the data, interpret the data and existing hypothesis
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| Final Steps Of Scientific Method | Publish and verify results
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| FINER Method | Assesses the value of a research question on the basis of whether or not it is feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant
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| During Research, We Manipulate: | Independent variables and observe changes in teh dependent variable
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| Controls | Used to correct for any influences of an intervention that are not part of the model
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| Positive Controls | Ensure that a change in the dependent variable occurs when expected
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| Negative Controls | Ensure that no change in the dependent variable occurs when none is expected.
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| Accuracy (Validity) | Quality of approximating the true value
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| Precision (Reliability) | Quality of being consistent in approximations
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| Cohort Studies | Record exposures throughout time and then assess the rate of a certain outcome
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| Cross-sectional Studies | Assess both exposure and outcome at the same point in time.
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| Case-control Studies | Assess outcome status and then assess for exposure history
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| Hill's Criteria | This is used to support causality in observational studies. This includes temporality, strength, dose-response relationships, consistency, plausibility, consideration of alternate explanations, experiments, specificity, and coherence
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| Bias Is: | Systematic and results from a problem during data collection
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| Selection Bias | The sample differs from the population. Most common in human subjects research.
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| Detection Bias | Arises from educated professionals using their knowledge in an inconsistent way by searching for an outcome disproportionately in certain populations.
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| Hawthorne Effect | Results from changes in behavior by the subject, experimenter, or both, which occurs as a result of the knowledge that the subject is being observed.
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| Confounding | An error in data analysis that results from a common connection of both the dependent and independent variable to a third variable.
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| Four Principles Of Medical Ethics Include: | Beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for patient autonomy, and justice.
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| Respect For Persons Includes: | Autonomy, informed consent, and confidentiality
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| Justice Dictates: | Which study questions are worth pursuing and which subjects to use
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| Beneficence Requires: | People to do the most good with the least harm.
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| Equipoise | A lack of knowledge about which arm of the research study is better for the subject. This is required for any intervention of a study to take place.
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| Populations | Individuals who share a set of characteristics.
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| Population Data Are Called: | Parameters
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| Samples | Subset of a population that are used to estimate population data.
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| Sample Data Are called: | Statistics
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| Internal Validity | Identification of causality in a study between the independent and dependent variables.
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| External Validity | The ability of a study to be generalized to the population that it describes.
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| Statistical Significance | The low likelihood of the experimental findings being due to chance
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| Clinical Significance | Usefulness or importance of experimental findings to patient care or patient outcomes.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
SamB91
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