MCAT Beh. Sci Ch. 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Motivation | Purpose or driving force behind our actions
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| Extrinsic Motivation | Motivation based on external circumstances
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| Intrinsic Motivation | Based on internal drive or perception
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| Primary Factors That Influence Emotion Are: | Instincts, arousal, drives, and needs
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| Instincts | Innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to stimuli.
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| Instinct Theory Of Motivation | People perform certain behaviors because of these evolutionarily programmed instincts
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| Arousal Theory | People perform actions to maintain arousal at an optimal level
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| Arousal | State of being awake and reactive to stimuli
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| Yerkes-Dodson Law | Shows that performance is optimal at a medium level of arousal
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| Drives | Internal states of tension that beget particular behaviors focused on goals.
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| Primary Drives Are Related To: | Bodily processes
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| Secondary Drives Stem From: | Learning and include accomplishments and emotions
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| Drive Reduction Theory | States that motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives, which create uncomfortable internal states.
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| Satisfying Needs May Also Drive: | Motivation
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| Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs | Prioritizes needs into 5 categories from high to low priority: Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization
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| Self-determination Theory | Emphasizes the role of three universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness
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| Incentive THeory | Explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments
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| Expectancy-value Theory | States that the amount of motivation for a task is based on the individual's expectation of success and the amount that success is valued
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| Opponent-process Theory | Explains motivation for drug use; as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, which leads to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms
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| Sexual Motivation Is Related To: | Hormones, as well as cultural and social factors
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| Emotion | A state of mind or feeling that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood, and relationships
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| Three Components Of Emotion Are: | Cognitive (subjective), behavioral (facial expression and body language), and physiological (changes in the sympathetic nervous system)
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| Seven Universal Emotions Are: | Happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, and anger
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| James-Lange Theory Of Emotion | Nervous system arousal leads to a cognitive response in which the emotion is labeled
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| Cannon-Bard Theory Of Emotion | Simultaneous arousal of the nervous system and cognitive response lead to action
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| Schachter-Singer Theory | Nervous system arousal and interpretation of context lead to a cognitive response
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| Limbic System | Primary nervous system component involved in experiencing emotion
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| Amygdala | Involved with attention and fear. This helps interpret facial expressions and is part of the intrinsic memory system for emotional memory
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| Thalamus | Sensory processing station
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| Hypothalamus | Releases neurotransmitters that affect mood and arousal
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| Hippocampus | Creates long-term explicit (episodic) memories
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| Prefrontal Cortex | Involved with planning, expressing personality, and making decisions
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| Ventral Prefrontal Cortex | Critical for experiencing emotion
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| Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex | Involved in controlling emotional responses from the amygdala and the decision-making
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| Stress | Physiological and cognitive response to challenges or life changes
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| Primary Appraisal Stage Of Stress | Classifying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful
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| Secondary Appraisal Stage Of Stress | Directed at evaluating if the organism can cope with the stress, based on harm, threat, and challenge
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| Stressor | Anything that leads to a stress response, and can include environment, daily events, workplace or academic settings, social expectations, chemicals, and biological stressors.
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| Psychological Stressors Include: | Pressure, control, predictability, frustration, and conflict
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| Stressors Can Lead To: | Distress or eustress
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| Three Stages Of The General Adaptation Syndrome Are: | Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
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| Stress Management Can Include: | Psychological, behavioral, and spiritual aspects.
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