MCAT Physics
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| Vector | physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Ex: Displacement, velocity, accel., force
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| Scalar | Quantity without direction. Ex: Speed, coeff. of friction
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| Note about multiplying a vector by a scalar | This changes the magnitude and may reverse the direction
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| Dot Product | Product of the vectors' magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them.
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| Note About Multiplying Two Vectors Using The Dot Product | This results in a scalar quantity
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| Cross Product | Product of the vectors' magnitudes and the sin of the angle between them
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| Note About Multiplying Two Vectors Using The Cross Product | This results in a vector quantity
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| Displacement | Vector rep. of change in position
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| Distance | Scalar quantity that reflects the path traveled.
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| Velocity | Vector representation of the change in displacement with respect to time.
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| Average Velocity | Total displacement divided by the total time.
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| Instantaneous Velocity | Limit of the change in displacement over time as the change in time approaches zero.
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| Instantaneous Speed | Mag. of instantaneous velocity vector.
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| Force | Push or pull that has the potential to result in an accel.
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| Gravity | Attractive force between two objects as a result of their masses
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| Friction | A force that opposses motino as a function of electrostatic interactions at the surface between two objects
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| Static friction | Friction between two objects that are not in motion relative to one another.
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| Kinetic Friction | Friction between two objects that are in motion relative to each other
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| Coefficient of friction | Depends on the two materials in contact. Coefficient of static friction is always higher than the coefficient of kinetic friction.
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| Mass | Measure of inertia of an object (amount of material)
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| Weight | Force experienced by a given mass due to grav. accel to Earth
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| Acceleration | Vector rep. of change in velocity over time. Avg or inst. accel can be considered similar to velocity
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| Newton's First Law / Law Of Inertia | An object will remain at rest or move with a constant velocity if there is not net force on the object
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| Newton's Second Law | Any accel. is the result of the sum of the forces acting on the object and its mass.
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| Newton's Third Law | Any two objects interacting with one another experience equal and opp. forces as a result of their interaction.
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| Linear Motion | Free fall and motion in which vel. and accel. vectors are parallel or antiparallel
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| Projectile Motion | Has an x and y component. Without air resistance, only force acting on an object is gravity.
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| Inclined Plane | Ex of 2D movement.
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| Circular Motion | motion with radial and tangential dimensions
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| Uniform Circular Motion | Centripetal force that points radially inward. NOTE: Inst. Vel. Vector always points tangentially
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| Free Body Diagrams | Rep's of forces acting on an object that are used for equilibrium and dynamics problems.
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| Translational Equilibrium | Equilibrium of an object without any net forces acting upon it. The object has a constant velocity, and may or may not be in rotational equilibrium.
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| Rotational Equilibrium | Equilibrium of an object without any torques acting upon it. An object with rotational equilibrium has a constant angular velocity which is usually zero.
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| Component Vectors | X = vcos(angle), Y = vsin(angle)
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| Pythagorean Theorem | X^2 + Y^2 = V^2 OR V = Sqr (X^2 + Y^2)
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| Determination of Direction From Component Vectors | Angle = Tan-1 Y/X
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| Dot Product | A*B = |A|*|B| * cos(angle)
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| Cross Product | AXB = |A| |B| * sin(angle)
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| Instantaneous Velocity | v = lim t --> 0 Delta x / Delta t
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| Avg Velocity | V = Del. x / Del. t
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| Universal Grav Equation | Fg = Gm1m2 / r^2
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| Static Friction | 0 <= fs <= usN
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| Kinetic Friction | fk = uKN
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| Force Of Gravity (weight on Earth) | Fg = mg
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| Center of mass | x = m1x1 + m2x2 ... / m1 + m2 ...
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| Avg Acceleration | a = Del. v / Del. t
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| Instantaneous Accel | a = lim (t-->0) Del. v / Del. t
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| Newton's First Law | Fnet = ma = 0
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| Newton's Second Law | Fnet = ma
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| Newton's Third Law | FAB = -FBA
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| Kinematics (no displacement) | v = v0 + at
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| Kinematics (no final velocity) | x = v0t + at^2/2
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| Kinematics (no time) | v^2 = v0^2 + 2ax
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| Kinematics (no accel) | x = vt
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| Components of Gravity On An Inclined Plane | Fg para. = mg*sin(angle), Fg perp. = mg*cos(angle)
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| Centripetal Force | Fc = mv^2 / r
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| Torque | T = r x F = rF * sin(angle)
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