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MCAT Physics Ch 1
MCAT Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vector | physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Ex: Displacement, velocity, accel., force |
| Scalar | Quantity without direction. Ex: Speed, coeff. of friction |
| Note about multiplying a vector by a scalar | This changes the magnitude and may reverse the direction |
| Dot Product | Product of the vectors' magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them. |
| Note About Multiplying Two Vectors Using The Dot Product | This results in a scalar quantity |
| Cross Product | Product of the vectors' magnitudes and the sin of the angle between them |
| Note About Multiplying Two Vectors Using The Cross Product | This results in a vector quantity |
| Displacement | Vector rep. of change in position |
| Distance | Scalar quantity that reflects the path traveled. |
| Velocity | Vector representation of the change in displacement with respect to time. |
| Average Velocity | Total displacement divided by the total time. |
| Instantaneous Velocity | Limit of the change in displacement over time as the change in time approaches zero. |
| Instantaneous Speed | Mag. of instantaneous velocity vector. |
| Force | Push or pull that has the potential to result in an accel. |
| Gravity | Attractive force between two objects as a result of their masses |
| Friction | A force that opposses motino as a function of electrostatic interactions at the surface between two objects |
| Static friction | Friction between two objects that are not in motion relative to one another. |
| Kinetic Friction | Friction between two objects that are in motion relative to each other |
| Coefficient of friction | Depends on the two materials in contact. Coefficient of static friction is always higher than the coefficient of kinetic friction. |
| Mass | Measure of inertia of an object (amount of material) |
| Weight | Force experienced by a given mass due to grav. accel to Earth |
| Acceleration | Vector rep. of change in velocity over time. Avg or inst. accel can be considered similar to velocity |
| Newton's First Law / Law Of Inertia | An object will remain at rest or move with a constant velocity if there is not net force on the object |
| Newton's Second Law | Any accel. is the result of the sum of the forces acting on the object and its mass. |
| Newton's Third Law | Any two objects interacting with one another experience equal and opp. forces as a result of their interaction. |
| Linear Motion | Free fall and motion in which vel. and accel. vectors are parallel or antiparallel |
| Projectile Motion | Has an x and y component. Without air resistance, only force acting on an object is gravity. |
| Inclined Plane | Ex of 2D movement. |
| Circular Motion | motion with radial and tangential dimensions |
| Uniform Circular Motion | Centripetal force that points radially inward. NOTE: Inst. Vel. Vector always points tangentially |
| Free Body Diagrams | Rep's of forces acting on an object that are used for equilibrium and dynamics problems. |
| Translational Equilibrium | Equilibrium of an object without any net forces acting upon it. The object has a constant velocity, and may or may not be in rotational equilibrium. |
| Rotational Equilibrium | Equilibrium of an object without any torques acting upon it. An object with rotational equilibrium has a constant angular velocity which is usually zero. |
| Component Vectors | X = vcos(angle), Y = vsin(angle) |
| Pythagorean Theorem | X^2 + Y^2 = V^2 OR V = Sqr (X^2 + Y^2) |
| Determination of Direction From Component Vectors | Angle = Tan-1 Y/X |
| Dot Product | A*B = |A|*|B| * cos(angle) |
| Cross Product | AXB = |A| |B| * sin(angle) |
| Instantaneous Velocity | v = lim t --> 0 Delta x / Delta t |
| Avg Velocity | V = Del. x / Del. t |
| Universal Grav Equation | Fg = Gm1m2 / r^2 |
| Static Friction | 0 <= fs <= usN |
| Kinetic Friction | fk = uKN |
| Force Of Gravity (weight on Earth) | Fg = mg |
| Center of mass | x = m1x1 + m2x2 ... / m1 + m2 ... |
| Avg Acceleration | a = Del. v / Del. t |
| Instantaneous Accel | a = lim (t-->0) Del. v / Del. t |
| Newton's First Law | Fnet = ma = 0 |
| Newton's Second Law | Fnet = ma |
| Newton's Third Law | FAB = -FBA |
| Kinematics (no displacement) | v = v0 + at |
| Kinematics (no final velocity) | x = v0t + at^2/2 |
| Kinematics (no time) | v^2 = v0^2 + 2ax |
| Kinematics (no accel) | x = vt |
| Components of Gravity On An Inclined Plane | Fg para. = mg*sin(angle), Fg perp. = mg*cos(angle) |
| Centripetal Force | Fc = mv^2 / r |
| Torque | T = r x F = rF * sin(angle) |
Created by:
SamB91
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