Greek & Roman Studies (textbook Classical Myths by B. Powell)
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| The earliest Western European Literature is: | the Iliad and the Odyssey (by Homer).
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| An important and dominant ancient Greek narrative tradition is: | the Trojan War.
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| The Mycenaean script is known as: | Linear B.
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| Epic is: | a long narrative poem about deeds of a hero.
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| The earliest indigenous people on mainland Greece spoke: | no one knows.
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| Ancient Greek men normally married at what age? | 30 years old.
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| The ancient Greeks viewed myths as: | models and reflections of important social and cultural concerns.
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| The Greek word which comes to mean "character" is derived from: | imprint on coin.
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| The word "traditional" in a "tradtional story with collective importance" derives from the Latin "trado" which means: | I hand down or hand over (to those coming after or behind me).
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| In the Early Bronze Age and much of the Middle Bronze Age, the indigenous inhabitants of mainland Greece and Crete appeared to have worshipped: | a fertility Goddess.
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| The figure on the potnia theron in the Bronze Age and earlier is associated with: | animals and fertility.
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| What product did the ancient Greeks need to import? | Copper (they had wine, marble, gold).
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| The dates for the Late Bronze Age in ancient Greece is: | 1600-1150 BCE.
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| True of false: the ancient Greeks DID NOT have written religious texts which required interpretation by a group of experts such as priests and rabbis? | True (all they had was oral tradtions).
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| What is an unusual feature of Michaelangelo's statue of Moses? | It has horns on the head (this feature may have been an error-in-translation, and was suppose to mean "halo" not horns).
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| Modern scholarship understands myth as: | a traditional story with collective importance.
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| The Trojan War legendarily occurs in what Age? | The Late Bronze Age (or Mycenaean Age), 1600-1150 BCE.
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| Which of these was an important Greek trade product: olives, oranges, tin, or cheese? | Olives. (They also exported marble, wine, and pottery.)
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| In ancient Greece who had citizens' rights? | Only men - women and naturalized foreigners did not have citizens' rights.
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| The extant major Sumerian epic is: | Gilgamesh. (Extant means "still in existence)
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| The form of Sumerian script is called: | Cuneiform.
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| Myths are often set when/where? | Non-existent time and place (in unspecified previous time, sometimes in a real place far, far away).
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| True of false: women where considered citizens in ancient Greece with right to participate in government and vote? | False (only males of Greek birth where citizens).
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| True of false: slaves in ancient Greece where differentiated from rest of population by appearance? | False, they looked like everybody else, worked along side free men on farms and in factories. However, slaves were chattel property with no enforceable rights.
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| Name three evidential sources of Greek myths: | 1. ancient Greek literary texts
2. ancient Greek sculpture
3. ancient Greek vases
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| Whom did GAIA not mate with: Pontus, Zeus, Tartarus, Uranos? | She did not mate with ZEUS.
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| Who is Helio's son? | Phaethon
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| Which goddess did Poseidon unite with in Arcadia? | Demeter (escaped to Arcadian, changed herself to a mare, but Poseidon change to a stallion).
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| Who does Poseidon compete with for Athens? | Athena
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| How does Rhea trick Cronus from swallowing Zeus? | This substitutes and disguises a stone. (Cronus later throws up whole the children.)
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| True or false: some scholars think the Hesiodic theogony is predominantly based on influences of Near Eastern myths? | True (Babylonian, Hittite; Enuma elish, Kingship in Heaven).
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| Who does Zeus swallow to prevent birth of his son? Why? | He swallows Metis, the mother, because it was prophisized he would be defeated by his son (Zeus).
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| How does Phaethon die (Helio's son)? | He drives chariot of the Sun recklessly, too close to the earth near the equator (thus creating dark skinned natives), and Zeus kills him with a thunderbolt.
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| Who is the acknowledged wife and lover of Zeus? | Hera
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| What does Cronus do with his children? | He swallows them himself (swallows them whole).
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| Which of the following DOES NOT describe the Theogony? | It is NOT an epic (it is a hymn to Zeus, a cosmogony, and a theogony.
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| Medusa Is a __________ and mother of who? | Gorgon, mother of Pegasus & Chrysoar (she is killed by Perseus). (Medusa means "wide-ruling".)
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| Which hero fights many descendants of Gaia and Pontus? | Herakles
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| His of Zeus' siblings doesn't live on Olympus? | Hades (he resides under ground).
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| Who separates Gaia and Uranos? What tool is used? | Cronus, using a steel sickle (causing a permanent separation between earth and sky).
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| Hera's name is associated with what term? Why? | Hero, because some scholars associate the root of the word with her name.
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| Where does Zeus set up the omphalos? What is it? | Delphi, the navel ("belly button") of the world . It's an egg-shaped stone indicating the centre of the earth.
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| Where was the first known library in the ancient Greek world? | Alexandria (by Alexander the Great, city founded 331 BCE). the Mouseion (Hall of the Muses) became the centre of Greek culture for 300 years.
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| What does the term anthropomorphic mean, when describing the Greek gods? | They look and behaved like humans.
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| Which gods do Zeus and his siblings defeat? | The Titans.
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| How many actors were in ancient Greek tragedies? | Three, and using masks and costume changes, each played multiple roles.
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| What is the source of the standard Creation myth for ancient Greeks? | The Theogony (by Hesiod, describes the line of deities from Uranus to Zeus, origins of monsters, Olympian war w/the Titans, and battle between Zeus and Typhoeus).
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| Zeus is responsible for what? | Justice, guest/hosting relationship, thunder and lightening. He is NOT responsible for earthquakes (that's Poseidon's realm).
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| Who is the father of the Titans? | Uranos (with Gaia): they were Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Tethys (goddesses); Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Lapetus, Cronus (gods).
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| Cronus mated with which sister? What was special about their offspring? | Rhea, and their children were: Hestia, Demeter, Hera (goddesses), and Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus (gods) - the Olympians.
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| Which Titans mated and who were their children? | Theia & Hyperion- Helius (the Sun), two daughters Selene (the moon) and Eos (the dawn).
Phoebe & Coeus- 2 daughters, Leto and Asteria.
Oceanus & Tethys- 3000 rivers (male gods), 3000 female Oceanids.
Cronus & Rhea- the 6 Olympians.
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| True or false: Hermes DOES NOT eat steak even though he wants to. | True (the immortals, as a general rule, do not eat meat).
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| What does Leto promis Delos for letting her give birth to Apollo? | A temple that will provide riches to the island (by drawing pilgrims).
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| Hermes' epithet (nickname) Argeiphontes seems to mean? | Slayer of Argos.
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| What is Apollo's major prophetic stie? | Delphi
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| True or false: Apollo can both heal and destroy. | True (associated with plague, mice, archery, lyre).
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| What is Apollo NOT associated with? | Maenads (who are female followers of Dionysus).
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| Where is Apollo born? | Delos
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| What else does Hermes invent? | Pan pipes
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| True or false: the origin of Apollo's name in unknown? | True
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| What is the possible origin of the "herma" in Hermes' name? | Stone heap, used by travellers to mark trails and as way-markers.
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| Who challenges Apollo to a musical competition (on the flute)? | Marsyas (after losing, Apollo ties him to tree and flays him).
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| Who provides judgement about the theft from Apollo by Hermes? | Zeus (he decrees ?) - only 2 cows returned because Hermes kills 2.
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| Who is Hermes' mother? | Maia (she hides in a cave to escape Zeus' attentions)
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| What does Syrinx change into to avoid Pan's advances? | Reeds
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| True or false: Hermes' caduceus (staff) has two snakes? | True (also has wings and topped w/knob).
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| Which of Apollo's conquests was given life as long as grains of sand she could hold in her hand? | Sibyl
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| Which Greek island is Hephaistos associated? | Lemnos
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| Who does Hephaistos tie in a chair (with a fine golden thread)? | Hera
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| True or false: Artemis is born on Delos? | False, she is born on Ortygia (her twin Apollo is born on Delos).
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| What is Hephaistos skill? | Metal-working/blacksmithing.
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| With whom does Hermes exchange the lyre? | Apollo (as part of penalty for killing 2 cows).
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| What is Ares the god of? | War (blood lust).
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| In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, what is the lyre made out of? | Tortoise shell
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| What does Apollo bring to the Greeks in Illiad 1? | Plague
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