Anatomy: Introduction to the Skeletal System
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| Which of the following is not an active tissue found in the bone? a. Cartilage b. Cuboidal Epithelim c. blood d. nervous tissue | b. Cuboidal Epithelium
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| What is the shaft of a long bone called? | Diaphysis
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| A bone that consists mainly of tightly packed tissue is called.. | Compact bone
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| What are trabeculae? | thin, bony plates where cells lie to get nutrients from substances diffusing into the canaliculi
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| What is a long bone? | Bone that has long, longitudinal axes & expanded ends (ex. forearm & thigh bones)
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| What is a short bone? | Bone that is cubelike, with equal lengths & widths (ex. wrists & ankles)
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| What is a flat bone? | Bone with platelike structures and broad surfaces (ex. ribs, scapula, skull)
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| What is an irregular bone? | Bone that is a variety of shapes and connected to other bones (ex. vertebrae & facial bones)
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| What is the classification on bone called that is not common in the body? (Hint: the patella falls under this category.) | Sesamoid
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| The bone of the cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers in long bones and is important for bone lengthening is called what? | Articular cartilage
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| What happens once bone formation is complete? | Osteoblasts & osteoclasts continuously remodel the bones
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| Cells that form new bones are called.. | Osteoblasts
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| Cells that remodel bones are called.. | Osteoclasts
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| What are the functions of bones? | Support & protection, body movement, blood cell formation, storage of inorganic salts
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| What is hematopoiesis? | the process of blood cell formation
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| Where does hematopoiesis occur in the body? | In children, it occurs in the red bone marrow. In adults, in occurs in the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum.
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| What is the function of yellow bone marrow? | It stores fat and replaces red marrow in adults
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| What is the function of red bone marrow? | It produces blood cells in the medullary cavity of bones in children.
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| What is an endosteum? | a thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity
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| What is a periosteum? | a tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue that encloses the bone
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| What are canaliculi? | a cellular process in which osteocytes communicate with nearby cells
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| How does ossification work in the infant skeleton? | begins as fragile membranes and cartilage but after 3 months of birth, that solidifies into bone
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| What is another name for spongy bone? | cancellous bone
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| What is spongy bone? | consists of branching bony plates and irregular connecting spaces
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| What are haversian systems? | osteocytes and layers of extracellular matrix clustered around a central canal in compact bone
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| What are Volkmann canals? | They contain larger blood vessels & nerves by which the smaller blood vessels & nerve fibers in central canals communicate with the surface of the bone & medullary cavity
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| What are the 5 major types of a long bone? | Epiphysis, diaphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum, endosteum
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| Describe the microscopic structure of compact bones. | Osteocytes & layers of matrix are clustered around a central canal forming a cylinder shape unit called an osteon
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| How does an endochondral bone develop? | develops in the fetus from masses of hyaline cartilage shaped like bony structures
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| How do osteoblasts & osteoclasts remodel bone? | Osteoblasts become active within the layers of connective tissues & deposits bony matrix around itself. Osteoclasts break down the calcified extracellular matrix & secrete an acid that dissolves the inorganic component of the matrix
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| What substances are normally stored in bone tissue? | calcium phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, blood, fats
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