Linux Bash Commands
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ls | directory listing
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| ls -al | formatted listing with hidden files
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| cd dir | change directory to dir
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| cd - | change to home
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| pwd | show current directory
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| mkdir dir | create a directory dir
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| rm file | delete file
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| rm -r dir | delete directory dir
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| rm -f file | force remove file
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| rm -rf dir | force remove directory dir *
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| cp file1 file2 | copy file1 to file2
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| cp -r dir1 dir2 | copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist
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| mv file1 file2 | rename or move file1 to file2 if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2
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| ln -s file link | create symbolic link link to file
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| touch file | create or update file
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| cat > file | places standard input into file
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| more file | output the contents of file
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| head file | output the first 10 lines of file
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| tail file | output the last 10 lines of file
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| tail -f file | output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines Process Management
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| ps | display your currently active processes
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| top | display all running processes
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| chmod octal file | change the permissions of fileto octal, which can be found separately for user,group, and world by adding:● 4 – read (r)● 2 – write (w)● 1 – execute (x)Examples:chmod 777 – read, write, execute for allchmod 755 – rwx for owner, rx for group and world
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| grep pattern files | search for pattern in files
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| grep -r pattern dir | search recursively for pattern in dir
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| command | grep pattern | search for pattern in the output of command
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| locate file | find all instances of file
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| date | show the current date and time
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| cal | show this month's calendar
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| uptime | show current uptime
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| whoami | who you are logged in as
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| man command | show the manual for command
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| gzip file | compresses file and renames it to file.gz
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| gzip -d file.gz | decompresses file.gz back to file
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| !! - repeats the last command | repeats the last command
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| exit | log out of current session
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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