1st nine week EXAM
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| What rivers are like “twin” rivers flowing through Turkey and Iraq | Tigris and Euphrates
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| What narrow waterway that is an important shipping channel for oil | Strait of Hormuz
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| What river is a key water source for Israel, Lebanon, and Syria | Jordan River
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| What are the three major water problems in the Middle East | water shortages, unequal distribution, and pollution
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| What are the three main oil-producing Middle Eastern countries | Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia
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| Over the past 50 years, residents have been leaving the nomadic life to live where | cities
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| Efficient rapid transit systems would help solve what transportation problems | crowded roads and air pollution
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| What are the groups identified on the basis of ancestry, race, or national origin | ethnic groups
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| What ethnic group lives in the mountains of Turkey and Iraq | Kurds
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| What group is both an ethnic and a religious group | Jews
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| What are the three prominent religions of the Middle East | Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
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| Where do almost all Middle Eastern Jews live | Israel
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| What are the two major groups of Muslims | Sunnis and Shias
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| There is usually a high correlation between the standard of living and what | the literacy rate
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| The State of Israel was established in what year | 1948
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| The land between the twin rivers has been valued since ancient times because of what | Fertile soil
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| Saudi Arabia has harsh desert climate, including water scarcity, and most of their ground water is saltwater from nearby oceans. They have had to invest in removing the salt from seawater in order to use it for drinking water. This process is called what | desalination
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| Which country suffers from failed septic systems and open sewers | Afghanistan
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| The government controls everything in which type of economy | command
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| What is a tax on imported goods | tariff
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| What is a restriction on the amount of a good that can be imported | quota
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| What forbids trade with another country | embargo
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| What organization was formed in 1960 by five oil-rich countries | OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
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| The type of money used by a country is called | currency
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| What large empire broke up after World War I | Ottoman Empire
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| Which two countries divided the Middle East into countries after World War II | Britain and France
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| A major conflict in the Middle East is between Arab states and which country | Israel
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| During World War II, six million Jews were killed in what is called what | Holocaust
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| The movement to unite displaced Jews and settle them in Palestine was called | Zionism
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| Who was responsible for the attacks on the World Trade Centers and the Pentagon in 2001 | Osama bin Laden
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| Prejudice against Jews is known as what | Anti-Semitism
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| Which country did Saddam Hussein rule | Iraq
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| Iraq invaded Kuwait and international forces joined to help Kuwait in this war: Persian Gulf War When did the US invade Iraq on a mission looking for WMDs | 2003
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| What country did U.S. forces enter to look for terrorist leader Osama bin Laden | Afghanistan
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| What is the small territory of land called that has been a source of dispute between Israel and its neighbors for many years | Gaza Strip
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